38 MARINE SCIENCE 
be a much more comprehensive and adequate program of research. 
We adopted tentatively the first three sections of it and told them that 
we are going to start rustling up some money for them in whatever way 
we could to put this afoot. But we still were not very satisfied with 
the comprehensiveness of their program. We wanted them to go back 
and study it again and bring us a real good program that we could put 
afoot in the ocean off the State of California. 
I think in some ways what the States have been doing has been left 
out of the NASCO report. They have concentrated on the Federal 
programs, which they are properly set up to do. I merely want to 
point out as an example that our State—and Senator Smather’s State 
also—is doing a very considerable amount of research, and so is your 
State, Senator. These programs are required to be integrated into the 
program, the national program. Furthermore, there is no reason why 
money can’t be raised from State treasuries to help out in the pro- 
oram. We have done pretty well in the State of California, and also 
in the State of Florida. We have been pretty slow in the State of 
Washington to put out money in this way. 
I will leave that and skip over lightly to west Africa a new area of 
interest to us in just the last few years. In fact, our actual fishing 
operation has been underway there for less than 18 months. We have 
one company presently with two purse seiners operating out of the 
base at Sierra Leone and another company operating out of a base in 
Ghana with presently three vessels. There are other vessels on the 
way. I suspect that before the year is out we will have another half 
dozen and maybe as many as a dozen vessels over there. 
The tuna production in the eastern Atlantic, latitude for latitude, 
is very similar to that in the eastern Pacific. We know this area so 
well over here now that we can almost predict what it will be over 
there, and go over there with the boats and catch them. It is not 
quite that simple because we have not finished the exploratory phases 
of the operation yet. 
I may notice that you called our attention to the fact that the 
Russians are there, the Poles, the Germans, and also the Norwegians, 
Portuguese, Italians, the French, and the Japanese in a large way, 
and, rather interesting to me, three vessels from Nationalist China. 
All of these nations are fishing here and building big fisheries rap- 
idly. Right along in this band [indicating on map], along the top of 
the Gulf of Guinea, from Ghana over to the Congo. The jungle is 
where a large number of humans live. There are about 50 or 60 
million people who live in the shadow of my hand here, in the jungle. 
The tsetse fly also lives there and kills off most of the livestock so 
we have no beef; we have no edible animal protein there to amount 
to anything at all. The game is similarly scarce, both because of 
the tsetse fly and also from the humans killing it off over the years. 
So you have a great big bunch of people here who are real hungry 
for protein, and who need it badly. Nigeria, for instance, imports 
about $25 million worth of dried stock fish from Iceland and Nor- 
way. They can’t afford it, they can’t afford the foreign exchange 
but they have to have the protein food in their diet. Despite this, 
they are very short of protein food. 
This whole bunch of people, protein deficiency is a normal factor 
of live for their whole life. A very large cause of the high infant 
