MARINE SCIENCE 39 
mortality rate down there, with the children from 3 or 4 up to 6 or 7 
years of age, the major cause of infant mortality is the deficiency 
disease called kwashiorkor. 
The ridiculous part is that right off shore is a big, heavy fish-pro- 
ducing area of the world. A very productive area. They have the 
equatorial counter current coming in here, producing a short upwell- 
ing along the coast and, as you know, where you have a lot of up- 
welling, you have fish, a very productive area. We know this from 
our own operations and also the Russian operations. 
So you have a bunch of hungry people and the food that they want 
within 150 miles of each other, and they can’t get together because 
these people on shore have only dugout canoes and you can’t produce 
much food from the ocean with a dugout canoe, even if you are a good 
paddler. These people are getting acquainted with this because of 
our operations and the Russian operations there. The Russians are 
moving in to take advantage of this as they always do for political 
purposes. The Poles recently guaranteed Canhen: for example, the 
construction of a full-fledged fishing industry down there: boats, 
processing plant, training of the people, just giving it to them. 
Russia is doing the same thing with Ghana. 
You know from your source of information that Guinea is on the 
other side of the fence already, and Ghana is kind of on edge. It 
seems to us, running through this area with our commercial intelli- 
gence and so forth, that the smart thing to do is for the United States 
to start putting a little money in there for research, and a little help 
to help these folks to get the fish out of the ocean and into their 
bellies. We have proposed some ways by which this could be done. 
I have, for the record, letters that we have written to Mr. Henry La- 
bouisse, the head of the International Cooperation Administration, 
also to Governor Williams, both of whom we have talked to on this 
subject. We will be glad to help in any way that we can. 
We want to point out to the United States that here is a real good 
place to use fisheries and ocean research to provide diplomatic benefits. 
The countries there we want to be for the United States and to do 
other things to help us. They want very badly, for instance, an ocea- 
nographic fisheries survey in this area. I sat through meetings in 
Dakar in the month of December where this was brought out. The 
delegates there from about 14 African nations want this survey 
quickly, and they said in a friendly way that they didn’t care who did 
it, Kast or West, they just want it done. 
It is fairly important that the U.S. Navy get the oceanographic in- 
formation here, and not the Russians, maybe. I don’t know about 
that. But it seems to me that here is another aspect of your bill which 
perhaps wasn’t envisioned, the worldwide implications of this bill, 
not only on the economics of the world but also to a high degree on 
diplomacy. 
I think, sir, that that is all that I have to say on the subject. 
The Cuairman. Dr. Chapman, I want to thank you. Of course, 
I am very familiar with your lifetime activity in this field, and dur- 
ing the war in the Pacific. It seems to me that we could do a great 
deal for very little money to show these people how to get protein foods 
as we tried to do in the Pacific area, and to create more good will and 
create a lot of confidence. It does have that aspect. 
