MARINE SCIENCE 3 
(Bills follow :) 
[S. 901, 87th Cong., 1st sess. ] 
A BILL To advance the marine sciences, to establish a comprehensive ten-year program 
of oceanographic research and surveys, to promote commerce and navigation, to secure 
the national defense, to expand ocean, coastal, and Great Lakes resources, to authorize 
the construction of research and survey ships and laboratory facilities, to expedite 
oceanographic instrumentation, to assure systematic studies of effects of radioactive 
materials in marine environments, to enhance the public health and general welfare, 
and for other purposes 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States 
of America in Congress assembled, 
SHORT TITLE 
Section 1. This Act may be cited as the ‘Marine Sciences and Research Act 
of 1961”. 
DECLARATION OF POLICY 
Src. 2. The Congress hereby declares that systematic, scientific studies and 
surveys of the oceans and ocean floor, the collection, preparation, and dissemina- 
tion of comprehensive data regarding the physics, biology, chemistry, and 
geology of the sea, and the education and training of oceanographic scientists 
through a sustained and effective program is vital to defense against attack 
from the oceans and to operation of our own surface and subsurface naval forces 
with maximum efficiency, to the rehabilitation of our commercial fisheries and 
the increased utilization of these and other ocean resources, to the expansion of 
commerce and navigation, and to the development of scientific knowledge and 
understanding of the waters which cover 71 per centum of the earth’s surface, 
life and forces within these waters, and the interchange of energy and matter 
between the sea and atmosphere. 
The Congress further declares that sound national policy requires that the 
United States not be excelled in the fields of oceanographic research, basic, mili- 
tary, or applied, by any nation which may presently or in the future threaten 
our general welfare, maritime commerce, security, access to and utilization of 
ocean fisheries, or contamination of adjacent seas by dumping therein radioactive 
wastes or other harmful agents. 
The Congress further declares that to meet the objectives outlined in the 
preceding paragraphs of this Act there must be a coordinated, long-range pro- 
gram of oceanographic research and marine surveys similar or identical to that 
recommended as a minimal program by the Committee on Oceanography of the 
National Academy of Sciences and National Research Council. The program 
should include but not be limited to the— 
(1) construction of modern, oceangoing ships for scientific research, sur- 
veys, fisheries exploration, and marine resources conservation and 
development; 
(2) modernization of existing and construction of new Government and 
civilian laboratory and shore facilities adequate to service and supplement 
the research and surveys fleets; 
(3) development and acquisition of new and improved research tools, 
devices, instruments, and techniques which may include but not be limited 
to bathyseaphs and other manned submersibles, instrumented marine towers 
and deep ocean buoys, wave gauges, modified icebreakers, acoustical equip- 
ment and telemetering devices, current meters, direct density, turbulence 
and radioactivity measuring devices, biological sampling instruments and 
equipment, precision salinometers and echo sounders, magnetometers, and 
deep sea underwater cameras; 
(4) recruitment of prospective oceanographers from among undergrad- 
uate and graduate students of physics, chemistry, mathematics, biology, 
engineering, limnology, meteorology, and geology, and the facilitating of 
their advanced education in the marine sciences by a long-range program, 
where necessary, of scholarships, fellowships, and research assistantships, 
supported by or through the National Science Foundation or other appro- 
priate agency of the Federal Government; 
(5) improvement of the economic and general welfare by obtaining more 
adequate information in the fields of marine science concerning the occur- 
rence, behavior, classification, and potential uses of fish, shellfish, and other 
marine life, and thereby to enhance the development and utilization of 
living marine resources; 
