MARINE SCIENCE 75 
The Cuarrman. Most of them are comparatively new. Would that 
be a fair statement ? 
Dr. Frernatp. Yes, sir. 
The Cuarrman. As the establishment of schools go. 
Dr. Frrnap. In 1920 I believe there were only four university- 
associated laboratories of the type that I represent. 
The Cuarrman. We can get a lot of testimony here, and I don’t 
think we really need it, but the condition of these laboratories, when 
you consider the need for further research in marine sciences, is pretty 
limited all over, isn’t that true ? 
Dr. Frrnatp. That is correct. 
The Cuairman. It is typed; let’s put it that way. 
Dr. Fernap. Yes, it is typed. 
The Cuarrma4n. Even at the older laboratories, such as the Friday 
Harbor Laboratory, it is typed ? 
Dr. Fernatp. That is correct. 
The experimental sciences have had to rely on approaches utilizing 
and improving from the simplest equipment. Lack of funds have 
made it essential that laboratories keep simplicity and flexibility as 
the keynotes of their design. In this age of advanced experimental 
research, specialized research space and equipment must be provided 
if we are to realize to the fullest the advantages of our marine facili- 
ties. On this point I take the liberty of quoting from a communica- 
tion from a colleague speaking of his own area of special interest : 
The lamentable state of ignorance in the field of comparative physiology is 
not in the least due to the fact that the objects of its study are largely marine 
animals and that up to this time only highly improved facilities are available 
for their study. The great advances in physiology have been made in fields 
which are concerned with land living or freshwater animals; work on mammals 
and amphibia, and advanced work on crayfish, are examples. One must blame 
this situation upon the lack of specialized research space, specialized equip- 
ment and facilities at marine stations. 
It is to be earnestly honed that the future will make possible some 
amelioration of this lack which most certainly impedes development 
and extension of a number of areas in the marine sciences. 
The CuHatrman. Doctor, wouldn’t this also be true: Take Friday 
Harbor and the area in which you have been working. It has been 
limited because you have been out there doing it, until recently, com- 
paratively alone. But I think what he is saying here, and what you 
are saying, is that if there were some kind of a broad program with 
objectives, that then the use of these laboratories, whether the stimu- 
lus be from any one of the departments that has a problem, or more 
basic research, or fellowships or grants, then this could be expanded 
into the fields of marine science in which we, as you say, are almost in 
the state of ignorance. 
Dr. Fernaup. That is right. Laboratories of this type have been 
largely regarded as field stations and as such it has been considered 
that the equipment should be minimal and should be provided by the 
investigator and brought with him when he arrives. This kind of 
thing is very difficult in the present state of development. 
The Cuarrman. It would be a great deal as if the University of 
Kansas, in the early days, would go into agricultural research, but 
would go out specifically by themselves in a small area. 
Dr. Frrnaxp. Yes, sir. 
67624—61——6 
