80 MARINE SCIENCE 
Senator Scuorpren. In the correlation of this data, in your ex- 
change of your ideas, in the exchange of your scientific developments, 
do you find at this early stage of it that we are having quite a bit of 
cooperation from certainly our friendly nations and people who are 
interested in it? 
Dr. Revetite. We are having a great deal of cooperation with all 
of the scientific countries of the world, Senator. 
Senator Scuorrret. Does that go for the Russians? 
Dr. Reverie. Including the Russians. This was largely the result 
of the International Geophysical Year. 
Senator ScHorrret. I was wondering if that might not stem from 
that. 
Dr. Reverie. Largely because of the International Geophysical 
Year, scientific cooperation with Russia as well as with other mari- 
time powers—England, France, Japan, Germany, Scandinavian 
countries, several of the South American countries, India, and many 
other smaller countries—is developing very rapidly at the present 
time. This gives us real hope that we can make maps of the oceans 
and make an adequate survey of the oceans through international co- 
operation which might not be possible, and we don’t believe would 
be possible, through the efforts of any one country. 
For example, a few years ago we, in the North Pacific, had a co- 
operative program of mapping the entire North Pacific north of 20°; 
not the bottom, but the temperature and salinity and other properties 
of the water in the upper 3,000 feet of the water column during 1 
month, what we call a synoptic survey. Mr. Joseph Reid, who is here 
today, was the man who organized and directed this program. As I 
remember it, there was something like 20 or 25 ships altogether which 
took part in this. About half of those were Japanese, the rest were 
Canadian and American ships. 
This kind of cooperation in making simultaneous observations, for 
example, by the ships of many different countries, is the only hope 
we have at the present time of being able to do what the meteorolo- 
gists have long done in the atmosphere, to make maps of what the 
ocean is like, or to take a kind of photograph of what the ocean is 
like at any one time. 
Senator ScHorpreL. Thank you. 
The Cuatrman. Go ahead, Roger. 
Dr. Reverie. I was talking about the need to construct additional 
facilities, and I was saying that in our report we simply thought about 
what would be needed to provide laboratories for the additional peo- 
ple to man the additional ships. What we overlooked was the fact 
that very little oceanographic building has been done during the last 
20 years. The result is that both the major and minor, or the bigger 
and smaller laboratories, are now very overcrowded. It is literally 
impossible for most of them to expand at all in terms of people, with- 
out additional space. People are sitting in each other’s laps. This is 
a particularly critical matter as far as training more young people 
is concerned. There just isn’t any space to put them. 
One of the reasons for this is that as we learn more about the basic 
sciences, we are using more complicated and larger and more delicate 
instruments which just require more space. When Dr. Fleming and 
I were young students—Dr. Fleming of the University of Washing- 
