MARINE SCIENCE 81 
ton—we used to say that any oceanographic instrument should have 
less than one vacuum tube per unit per instrument. Now all the 
young people who work at our places wouldn’t think of lowering 
something into the water which just wasn’t chock full of electronics. 
This just means an awful lot more shop space, a lot more space for 
technicians, a lot more complicated gadgetry of all kinds, and this 
just requires a lot of space. 
Sometime during the morning I hope Mr. Snodgrass, of our insti- 
tution, and Dr. Ewing, of Lamont, will show some pictures of some 
of the space situations at our two laboratories. 
Yesterday you heard from Dr. Pritchard, of the Johns Hopkins 
University. Dr. Pritchard was forced to build a mezzanine around the 
walls of an office about as big as an average family living room to 
provide office space for his overcrowded staff. The height between the 
floor of the mezzanine and the ceiling is only about 5 feet. When I 
climb into it I have to practically kneel to stay there. Yet they have 
to do this because his facilities are so overcrowded. The single build- 
ing housing the department of oceanography at the university has 
not been enlarged since it was built in 1930, although the staff, re- 
sponsibilities, and budget of that fine institution have been expanded 
several fold. 
In your bill, S. 901, the funds authorized for the National Science 
Foundation for the construction and operation of laboratories for 
basic research are identical to funds recommended in our original re- 
port. We must confess that our report was much too low. Therefore, 
one specific recommendation that I would make this morning, sir, is 
that if the National Science Foundation is authorized to supply half 
the needed funds for research facilities, as recommended in our report, 
the total allotted to the National Science Foundation for this purpose 
should be greatly increased. 
B. Education and training: The need for new shore laboratories is 
particularly critical in order to foster the education and training of 
oceanographers. An adequate teaching program requires both ships 
and shore-based. facilities, and both are in short supply. Few insti- 
tutions can materially increase their present number of students with- 
out either obtaining better physical facilities or reducing the space 
and ship time that is used for research. 
One of the very encouraging things during the past 2 years is 
that we are having a virtual flood of applications for graduate study 
in the marine sciences. For example, at the Scripps Institution the 
number of graduate students in the marine sciences, physical and 
chemical and geological oceanography and marine biology, all lumped 
under the broad head of oceanography, has increased from about 43 
last year to 70 this year, and during the coming year, if we had the 
space to do it, we could double the number of graduate students. 
We just can’t do this because we haven’t got the space. We are only 
going to be able to take about 20 new students this next year, which 
will be actually, in terms of increase, only about 7 or 8 new students. 
In other words, we are only able to add a very small percentage of 
students simply because of lack of space. Yet the bright young peo- 
ple are there, and they are coming in in wonderfully encouraging 
numbers and with very evident ability and good training. 
