MARINE SCIENCE 83 
6) The National Oceanographic Data Center has been formed. 
c) The Interagency Oceanographic Committee of the Federal 
Council of Science and Technology, and the President’s Science Ad- 
visory Committee have done a great deal of effective coordination in 
the programing and budgeting of oceanic investigations by different 
Federal agencies. 
(d) An international oceanographic organization, to be called the 
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, corresponding in 
many ways with the World Meteorological Organization, is being 
established under the sponsorship of the Specialized Agencies of the 
United Nations. 
The Cuamman. This is in the general field of the Geophysical 
Year? 
Mr. Revettz. No, sir, this is new. 
The CHatrman. New? As a result of the Geophysical Year, 
probably. 
Mr. Revetiz. It is a result of the National Academy’s work in large 
part, actually. The Geophysical Year had something to do with it. 
These are all things that have happened within the last 2 years since 
our report was published. 
2. A good deal more needs to be done, and soon. 
During the next few years we can and should take giant strides to 
meet our national responsibilities and opportunities for using the 
oceans. 
(a) We must build many new (and carefully designed) ships to 
replace old obsolete ships and to add to our total national fleet for 
exploring the oceans. 
(6) We must build many new laboratories, instrument shops, piers, 
and classrooms to accommodate the present overcrowded marine lab- 
oratories and to make room for the many bright young scientists who 
are even now flooding our oceanographic centers with applications. 
(c) We must develop and produce in quantity a whole new arsenal 
of instruments that will bring the best of modern technology to grips 
with the herculean task of understanding and exploring the sea. 
(zd) We must provide funds at once for training new oceanog- 
raphers. 
(e) We must plan and carry out a program of oceanwide surveys to 
map the ocean floor, the properties and movements of the waters, and 
the distribution of living creatures. In this connection I have already 
said that in my opinion this can only be done effectively through in- 
ternational cooperation because the task is so large. Our maps of the 
ocean floor, for example, are quite comparable in accuracy and in de- 
tail to the maps of the land surface that we had about the year 1720. 
The Cuairman. Doctor, you will remember that about a year and 
a half ago, when you had the international meeting in New York, some 
of your colleagues from other nations came down here and had an 
informal discussion. In that discussion we considered the future in the 
field of antisubmarine warfare, undersea defense, and at that time the 
emphasis was not as great as it is today in that field, whether it be a 
potential enemy or whether it be just nations building up their own 
defense. You were absolutely right about this problem of mapping 
the oceans and knowing the currents, as it relates to undersea defense 
or warfare, whichever you want to call it, and in suggesting that there 
