MARINE SCIENCE 91 
Senator Enetx. I want to compliment the doctor on an excellent 
statement. 
The Carman. Thank you, Roger. 
Senator Scorr. I want to thank the doctor, as a graduate of a 1-day 
course at the institute when I was in the Navy. I didn’t exactly 
qualify as an expert in that 1-day course, but I have an idea of what 
your facilities are, how limited they are. 
The Cuarrman. Dr. Fish, we will be glad to hear from you. Dr. 
Fish is director of the marine laboratory, University of Rhode Island. 
Doctor, you have a short statement. We will be glad to hear from 
you. 
STATEMENT OF DR. C. J. FISH, DIRECTOR, NARRAGANSETT MARINE 
LABORATORY, UNIVERSITY OF RHODE ISLAND, KINGSTON, RB.I. 
Dr. Fisa. Mr. Chairman and Senators, I am grateful for the op- 
portunity to appear before this committee. I am Charles J. Fish, 
founder and director of the Narragansett Marine Laboratory of the 
University of Rhode Island. I am also an associate of the Woods 
Hole Oceanographic Institution. My experience in oceanography 
extends over a period of 39 years. 
In hearings on the previous Senate bill S. 2692, members of the 
Committee on Oceanography of the National Academy of Sciences 
and special panels of the Committee representing different fields of 
marine science have explained the need for a comprehensive 10-year 
program of oceanographic research and training of scientific person- 
nel to provide an essential basis for national defense and exploita- 
tion of the natural resources of the oceans. I concur completely with 
their conclusions and recommendations, and the objectives of the 
present bill. 
Today in support of S. 901 I wish to discuss small oceanographic 
laboratories with university affiliations, their importance and needs. 
To conserve time I shall not dwell on our own laboratory, which is 
experiencing the same problems described yesterday by Doctors 
Pritchard and Idyll. 
Since World War II numerous small marine laboratories have been 
created and attempts made to enlarge older ones. Most, however, 
have been restricted to estuarine programs because of insufficient 
trained oceanographers, limited funds, and lack of adequate vessels 
for offshore operations. This has resulted in a concentration of open 
ocean programs and Federal support for them in a very limited num- 
ber of large laboratories. To escape the danger of unwieldiness in 
these few large institutions and to avoid the possible necessity of the 
military itself having to undertake basic oceanographic research, 
which might be handled better by civilian agencies, more oceanog- 
raphers and different laboratory facilities are urgently needed. 
Here, university marine programs are most important. However, 
lack of balanced faculties has encouraged disproportionate emphasis 
on specialized training and research determined usually by the 
qualifications of the local staff. As a result, although excellent prog- 
ress of a specialized nature is being made, there is as yet inadequate 
research and educational preparation for investigation in major ocea- 
nographic problems of more general character involving essential re- 
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