96 MARINE SCIENCE 
»> The Cuatrman. I don’t know that my knowledge is any greater. I 
have been exposed a little bit longer. HO 
Dr. Ewine. Despite a firm belief that Federal support of marine 
research should be increased, I think that within the structure of the 
National Science Foundation the rank of program, perhaps one in 
each of the two appropriate divisions, would be more appropriate 
than the rank of division. The intention of this suggestion 1s de- 
cidedly not to decrease the role of the NSF in the national oceanog- 
raphic program, but rather to place the marine sciences in proper 
perspective within the whole structure of American science. 
The Cuatrman. Doctor, I think that is what we are trying to do. 
We may have some differences as to just how to do it, but it is a detail 
I am sure that can be worked out. 
What you say there is exactly what we are all trying to do. . 
Dr. Ewing. Without doubt, NSF, even with its arrangement for 
marine sciences, has been an extremely effective agency for advancing 
the national effort in oceanography during the past few years. 
2. The proposed divisional committee which “shall include among 
its membership a representative from the Office of Naval Research, 
the Hydrographic Office, the Coast and Geodetic Survey, the Bureau 
of Commercial Fisheries, the Atomic Energy Commission, the U.S. 
Coast Guard, the Public Health Service, the U.S. Weather Bureau, 
the Beach Erosion Board of the U.S. Corps of Engineers, and at least 
six scientists selected on a basis of competence from universities and 
other non-Federal institutions and designated by the National Acad- 
emy of Sciences and National Research Council to serve on this com- 
mittee,” is entirely different in character than the divisional commit- 
tees of the three existing divisions. In my opinion, a group, two- 
thirds of which consists of appointees of the Government bureaus— 
some of which have only minor and recent contacts with scientific 
research of any kind—would be unsuitable to represent and control 
one of the four major divisions of American science. It is only neces- 
sary to compare the proposed divisional committee with the existing 
ones to recognize the difference in concept involved. } 
Even if marine sciences should be established at the rank of a pro- 
gram, the proposed committee would, in my opinion, be inappropriate. 
I believe that the divisional committee should be made up of outstand- 
ing scientists in the field; as are the parallel committees. . Certainly 
this would include scientists from Government agencies, but they 
should be chosen on the basis of individual achievement as scientists 
and not as spokesmen for the agencies which they represent. 
If I could add to what I have written here, I would like to say that 
the Interagency Coordinating Committee has been an extremely ef- 
fective organization. If I have understood the draft of the bill cor- 
rectly, you have tried to preserve that function and add to it as you 
mentioned in the bill. 
The Cuairman. I think that is a very fair analysis of it. There 
has been no intention to degrade or downgrade the Interagency Com- 
mittee because this has been the one group which has done the job in 
the interim, and a good job. There is no argument about that. 
Dr. Ewrne. 3. In several parts of the bill, research costs and instru- 
ments are listed separately, and the cost for the instruments is far 
too high with respect tothe other research costs. I have continuously 
