MARINE SCIENCE 99 
of wisely administering these great sums is sufficiently difficult if 
only scientific considerations must be heeded. 
The Cuamrman. Thank you, Doctor. I appreciate your coming. 
Dr. Ewine. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. 
The Cuatmrman. Dr. Schaefer, of the Inter-American Tropical 
Tuna Commission, La Jolla, Calif. 
STATEMENT OF DR. MILNER B. SCHAEFER, INTER-AMERICAN 
TROPICAL TUNA COMMISSION, SAN DIEGO, CALIF. 
Dr. Scuarrer. My name is Milner B. Schaefer. I am Director of 
Investigations of the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission. 
I am also a research associate and lecturer of the Scripps Institution 
of Oceanography at the University of California. 
I very much appreciate this opportunity to appear again before 
this committee in order to speak about certain parts of S. 901. 
As you know, I have been working, together with my colleagues 
on the Committee on Oceanography of the National Academy of 
Sciences, for some years on the formulation of a national oceano- 
graphic program which would provide for an adequate coordinated 
effort, by the many governmental agencies involved, to bring the ma- 
rine sciences in the United States to a level of accomplishment cor- 
responding to the Nation’s needs. I have been especially concerned 
mth those aspects of the program which deal with the resources of 
the sea. 
The past and present efforts of the United States directed toward 
the study of the resources of the sea, which provide the basis of fisher- 
ies and other extractive industries of great importance to our citizens, 
are simply inadequate to meet the growing needs of our country and 
the world. The harvest of the sea fisheries is growing rapidly, and 
newly exploited fish stocks are adding to that harvest year by year. 
What were formally small, coastal operations have expanded to cover 
most of the oceans, and the products are being sold on highly com- 
petitive international markets. The United States is not, except in 
a very few instances, participating to any appreciable degree in this 
expansion, the U.S. Nore of the world’s seafish harvest having re- 
mained almost static while the fishermen of other nations are rapidly 
expanding their operations. 
For example, in the North Pacific and Bering Sea, the rich stocks 
of bottom fish have, during the last few years, been brought under 
heavy exploitation by Russian and Japanese fleets. The rich fisheries 
off the West Coast of Africa were explored a few years ago by Russian 
research vessels and Japanese research vessels, and are now being 
rapidly developed by fishermen of these nations, and some 10 others, 
including, fortunately some from the United States, as Dr. Chapman 
described to you yesterday. 
The U.S. participation here, however, received little aid from re- 
search vessels of our Government, the exploratory research having 
been done mostly by private enterprise with assistance from the Gov- 
ernment of Ghana. 
The Committee on Oceanography’s report “Oceanography 1960-70,” 
in the chapter on “Ocean Resources” and elsewhere, outlined the aug- 
mented program of research which, in our opinion, is the minimum 
