102 MARINE SCIENCE 
Mr. Snoverass. Would you prefer that I did not read the report 
as it is here? 
The Cuarrman. I think because we are running close to noon here, 
we could put your statement in the record in full and you could high- 
light the statement. It would save usa little time. 
Mr. Snoperass. I think the major problems with which I am con- 
cerned basically support the statements made by Dr. Ewing. Some 
of them in regard to the fact that adequate shop facilities must exist 
in close relationship to the research oceanographer because the shops, 
after all, are the ways which he has of translating his ideas in the 
immediate action from the standpoint of instruments. 
Instrument development and construction: It is imperative that 
adequate shop facilities, both electronic and machine, be available to 
research oceanographers. It is through the shop facilities that it is 
possible for the research oceanographer to have his ideas for research 
instruments translated into experimental hardware with a minimum 
of delay. By the very nature of research programs relating to ocean- 
ography at the present time, it is an extremely rare research program 
that does not require the devising of original or specialized instrumen- 
tation. 
Perhaps in no other field of science is it necessary to have such close 
cooperation between the electronics engineer and the precision ma- 
chinist as in the field of oceanographic instrumentation. ‘This means 
that instrument construction should have the machine shops and the 
electronics shops closely integrated; both from the physical and per- 
sonnel standpoints. 
It is safe to say that none of the research institutions have any- 
where near adequate shop facilities. In fact, the lack is actually 
acute. The problem is essentially a threefold one, and stems largely 
from lack of funds. First, there is the lack of space, equipment, and 
personnel. Some of the committee members may well have seen 
photographs taken at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography show- 
ing the tremendous overcrowding and unsatisfactory facilities. It is 
admitted that the situation at the Scripps Institution of Ocean- 
ography may be one of the worst, but it is not an extreme example of 
situations which exist at other institutions. With severely limited 
space and personnel, it is impossible to undertake more than a very 
limited number of research and development projects. 
Ship support facilities: Adequate ship support facilities are im- 
perative and this is clearly stated repeatedly in various sections of 
S. 901. In order to keep down ship operating costs and to make the 
best use of the scientific personnel time, it is necessary that the ocean- 
ographic research vessels have a short turnaround time. Further, the 
nature of oceanographic research requires that the research vessels 
undergo an almost constant refitting when in port and the bulk of this 
refitting is of a highly specialized nature which is closely integrated 
with the particular research program at hand. 
In spite of quite inadequate facilities and the necessity for using 
the U.S. Navy Electronics Laboratory docks in San Diego Bay, the 
Scripps Institution of Oceanography has been able to obtain an 
average of 23814 days at sea per year over the last 5 years. with each 
is a larger ships. In fact, the research ships are being worked very 
nard. 
