MARINE SCIENCE 109 
The Cuarrman. We have international agreements on frequencies 
I think with practically every country in the world; on allocations. 
I think what you point out is very important. I just don’t know who 
will make the application unless it be some specific institution. 
- Mr. Swoperass. I think this is the problem that we are facing in 
the matter of how we go about these, because I think that a specific 
institution probably only represents a small part, and this is where 
we do need a form of coordination. 
- The Cuarrman. You would have to have an application in for a 
frequency, and it would have to come from somewhere. 
’ Mr. Snoperass. That is correct. 
~ The Cuairman. I might suggest to you that the military have 
usurped about one-third of the spectrum, and they never will tell me 
what they are using it for. 
If I suggest that they are not using it, they immediately start a 
research projecton one of the frequencies; they are studying it. 
Maybe we might get in on their act. 
Mr. Snoperass. I think that would be a good way if we could man- 
age it. I think the isolated institution has a particularly difficult 
problem because in the view of the tremendous organizations which 
are after frequency requirements they are simply too small. They 
need a larger collective voice in some way. I do not know how to go 
about it, but I know that this is something we need to look at hard. 
Research instrumentation: In view of the critical need of the ma- 
rine sciences for radio frequency assignments for use in operations, 
data transmission, both terrestrial and via satellite relay, I would like 
to respectfully suggest. that the communications portion of S. 901 
be substantially strengthened. 
The research oceanographer requires a constantly increasing num- 
ber of new instruments. At present it is felt that this need can, by 
and large, be more expeditiously met by having research support fa- 
eilities as an integral part of the oceanographic research complex. 
This, however, should not be construed as excluding in any way assist- 
ance from outside organizations which may be pertinent to the de- 
velopment of the research tools. The research support facilities are 
in no wise meant to be production facilities, and it is certainly ad- 
visable to confine instrument development to the production of proto- 
type instruments which are needed for the research programs. If 
additional units are required, they should be made by outside organ- 
izations. 
Since new instrument development to supply the demands of the 
research programs requires much detailed and careful testing, it is 
strongly urged that suitable test facilities be available and located 
close to the development laboratories. This would have a major ad- 
vantage, since, if carefully planned, the test facilities could serve the 
dual function of aiding in the development of instruments, and, at 
the same time, serve as experimental model tanks for research studies 
on such projects, for example, as ocean sediment motion and pressure 
effects. It would be expected that the test facility would consist of, 
but not be limited to, such things as tow tanks, high pressure test 
chambers, temperature controlled baths, and wave generating tanks. 
It is imperative that the hydraulic test facilities be located near the 
instrument development facilities, as this will materially improve re- 
