120 MARINE, SCIENCE. 
Dr. Henperson. Anything that deals with the sea has its problems, 
The Cuatrman. This is the Soviet’s problem, this is our problem, 
this is everybody’s problem. . ci te ain 
Dr. Henperson. It is even the whale’s problem. 
The CHarrman. As we move down into the water.. 
Dr. Henperson. That is correct. ; 3) [Rei 
The Cuarrman. Therefore in this work you don’t know what you 
might add to this. Jovouds Dateien 
Dr. Henprerson. We have some pretty good information because we 
have been working at this quite a while. But there is a great deal 
we don’t know, particularly about the structure of the sea. We know 
the general properties, but the detailed properties we do not know, 
and this is one of our objectives, to find out more of these detailed 
properties so that we can predict what will happen. 
The CHarrman. Marine life has a lot to do with it, too. sj 
Dr. Henprerson. Marine life does in most areas, close to shore par- 
ticularly. Far from shore there is not much marine life which can 
cause us difficulty. , ) 
Most of the oceanographic investigations conducted by this labora- 
tory have been made in Puget Sound. These waters present all the 
characteristics of a natural sea-water laboratory, so to speak, allowing 
detailed studies to be made quickly and economically. eae] 
Here again, in Dabob Bay, we speak of it as being an ocean in 
miniature. It has many characteristics of the ocean and can be 
extrapolated from the dimensions, size, depth, slopes, and gradients, 
temperature gradients, to the general ocean areas. For that. reason 
we speak of 16 as our own little ocean laboratory, if you like. This 
again is Dabob Bay. ) 6H 
However, it must be recognized that generalizations about the open 
seas based upon work in these inland laboratories cannnot be carried. 
too far without considerable corroborative open-sea work. Recog- 
nizing this, the laboratory began about 2 years ago to develop special- 
ized deep-sea instrumentation to carry out this work. The major 
effort has been concentrated on an unmanned, self-propelled, under- 
water research vehicle. You notice that is unmanned. This device 
has the external appearance of a torpedo. However, the hull is de- 
signed to go to a depth of at least 12,000 feet, and it will run at 7 knots 
for 8 to 10 hours, carrying instruments and recorders. I can give these 
numbers with confidence, since a prototype was used at sea last Sep- 
tember at a depth of 9,000 feet. At present, this prototype is being 
instrumented for operations in June, and plans are being made to 
build four more of these vehicles. This device is to provide us pri- 
marily with (1) new sound velocity and new detailed bathymetry data 
of direct application to long-range sonars and fire control systems, 
and (2) the first measurements of detailed horizontal variations—as 
you go under the sea horizontally—of many oceanographic variables 
at great depth. 
The Cuamman. I might say one of the reasons, other than the 
scientific value of doing this, this real exciting experiment, is that it 
has been my understanding for some time that this is one of the real 
priorities in the Defense Department. See ae! a 
Dr. Henperson. That is correct. This isa strong motivation be- 
hind it, because you see what we are doing here is actually making the 
