MARINE SCIENCE 123 
pletely that if you only want one instrument where you sit down, you 
build it. If you want a hundred instruments, you call in a large out- 
side organization and they get it built. But if you want only six 
instruments, then both our system and the Soviet system seem to 
have considerable trouble. 
General: Oceanography has progressed in the past 2 years and 
several trends are apparent. During the past 2 years a great many 
more people in Government, in industry, and in private laboratories 
have become aware of the need for better oceanographic instruments. 
This has resulted in wide discussion, higher standards have evolved, 
some new instrument programs have been initiated, and such better 
ones are in the discussion stage. 
In some areas progress is as good or better than recommended but 
as a whole progress has fallen behind our earlier recommendations. 
Particularly there has been a serious lack of funding for a variety 
of feasibility studies for advanced design instruments and vehicles. 
The fact remains that it is generally much harder to find $10,000 to 
make a preliminary design study for a new device or ship than it is 
to find 20 times that amount for construction of a hurry-up design. 
This unfortunate fact is a direct but unnecessary result of the di- 
lemma that “when there is time there is no money, and when there is 
money there is no time.” Efficient administrative procedures must 
specifically include more funding earmarked for studies of advanced 
design on which to base later action. 
Research ships: While our panel was not originally concerned with 
general purpose research ships, the importance of specialized use and 
advanced design make it advisable to consider ship design problems. 
The research ship is the most important of all oceanographic instru- 
ments and it is most gratifying to see that funds for new research 
ships have been allocated and that design or construction is going 
ahead on several very interesting ships. Between the needs of dif- 
ferent laboratories and the different mterests and experience of in- 
dividual oceanographers and naval architects the variety and versa- 
tility of research ships are both improving rapidly. 
The requirements for research and survey ships are sufficiently new 
that research ships are going through a very rapid evolution in de- 
sign. There is every reason to believe that ship efficiency will con- 
tinue to improve through several more major redesigns. Freezing on 
class ships too soon will be neither efficient nor economical. In fact, 
I cannot recommend too highly that each private and Government 
laboratory which needs a new ship be given funds to develop the ship 
characteristics and layout they need for their job. The National 
Science Foundation is to be commended on their efforts in this direc- 
tion. 
The Cuamman. What is the status of that ship now? Have they 
laid the keel ? 
Dr. Vinz. No, they have not. 
The Cuatrman. It is in the drawing stage? 
Dr. Vine. They hope in about 3 weeks that the big fat book speci- 
fications will be ready to put out. 
The Cuarrman. That is right; it is in the blueprint stage now. 
Dr. Vine. It has been slow, but we feel it has been very worthwhile 
because we have incorporated a great many things. 
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