MARINE SCIENCE 125 
Dr. Vine. Thisis really what my next point is about. 
Specific design studies on smaller atiomabeiflee that can be easily 
carried on the deck of any medium or large ship have not progressed 
sufficiently nor have specific enough design studies been carried out. 
Manned buoys: The concept of an anchored midocean marine ob- 
servatory or anchored buoy has only recently received serious design 
attention on the west coast and we can be hopeful that a successful 
full-scale buoy and program can be funded and carried out. 
Unmanned buoys: Unmanned buoys have progressed faster than 
any of our other recommendations but still at only about half the 
recommended rate. This seems particularly unfortunate in view of 
the needs for better national and global weather predictions. 
Other specialized research vehicles: Certainly our nuclear sub- 
marines Skate, Sargo, and Seadragon have shown that even a minor 
“ice suit” permits a nuclear submarine to have great mobility and use- 
fulness in the Arctic. 
It appears more certain than ever that a nuclear submarine appro- 
priately designed or more fully converted for Arctic work could roam 
the Arctic almost at will for oceanographic research, logistic support, 
or rescue work. The preliminary design work recommended has not 
been undertaken and in view of the importance of the Arctic it is badly 
needed. 
Realistic cost analysis studies for operating either a converted fleet 
submarine or a new conventionally powered submarine for general 
research work have not progressed as far as they should have. The 
Bureau of Commercial Fisheries is to be commended for their initial 
efforts in this direction. 
The catamaran studies sponsored by the National Science Founda- 
tion and the University of Miami is another excellent example of a 
bold attempt to try and radically improve our seagoing capabilities 
in research. 
The CyatrMan. The Science Foundation is sponsoring those 
studies, I believe. 
Dr. Vine. They were sponsoring the initial design studies of getting 
people to explore which direction to move in next. 
Specialized survey instruments: Many frequently used instruments 
for basic research and survey need to be procured in sufficient quan- 
tity to become generally available so that a partial standardization 
can be obtained. Such instruments are winches with electric cables; 
towed temperature recorders; magnetometers; recording buoys; echo 
sounders, et cetera ; navigation equipment. 
Recent meetings sponsored by ONR and the Hydrographic Office 
have emphasized this problem and tried to define acceptable specifica- 
tions for such instruments. However, funding for dual approaches 
in prototypes and for appreciable production appears questionable. 
High-seas engineering: Although outside of our original recom- 
mendations, we are all delighted that the Mohole project is progress- 
ing so well and has spent some time at sea. Any comparable efforts 
in mining, fishing, etcetera, have yet to be initiated. 
Conclusion : In conclusion, I would emphasize that things are hap- 
pening, but not as rapidly as recommended. Progress has been spotty, 
and not enough advanced ideas are being given serious design study. 
