MARINE SCIENCE 127 
Northwest and Alaska. But the need for specialized research in 
fisheries produces an ever-increasing need for research workers with 
specialized training, and this in turn enlarges the need for more com- 
prehensive support of research and research training. This is true at 
our institution and I am sure that it is true at others. The passage of 
the Marine Sciences and Research Act of 1961, whereby funds may be 
appropriated specifically to increase the. research potential and 
graduate training in the universities, therefore, will be altogether in 
the national interest because it will provide a wider base on which the 
universities may work to improve and preserve important national 
resources. For the record we should like to submit a more compre- 
hensive statement of the role of fisheries under this act. 
It is an important fact that the training programs of the college 
never have produced enough trained personnel to fill the positions 
available. It presently is calculated that twice as many positions exist 
as the college will be able to fill from among its graduates. It is 
relevant, too, that 11 percent of the fisheries students come to Wash- 
ington from outside the State and that 15 percent come from foreign 
countries. This demand is continuing and certainly will not diminish 
in the foreseeable future. 
The Cuairman. I think the interest in foreign countries is going to 
become much, much greater. That has some intangible values for us, 
too. 
Dr. Donatpson. Some very real, important international aspects. 
The Cuairman. We are going to encourage the new African coun- 
tries, which have a food problem with the great fisheries lying right 
off their shores, to do something about it. This will result in all kinds 
of encouragement of students to come to these fisheries schools, of 
which a great number will want to come to the University of Washing- 
ton because of its reputation and established character in this field. 
Dr. Donaupson. At the present time Uganda’s Director of Fish- 
eries, Mr. Al Achaniz, a politically important person in that country, 
is attending the University of Washington, taking an advanced de- 
gree. Iceland’s Director of Fisheries, Mr. Thor Gudjonsson, is also 
attending the university and taking an advanced degree. 
There also is a second area of interest which I should like to review 
briefly. This concerns the development of the atomic energy program 
and its relationship to studies of things living in and near water. 
I am very pleased to note that the bill has a section including 
oceanography and its relationship to the atomic energy program. 
- In 1948 it was decided that the waters of the Columbia River pro- 
vided the best possible source of coolant for the atomic reactors then 
being planned, and subsequently built, near the town of Hanford in 
the State of Washington. No information was available—none, in 
fact, existed—on the possible effects of such use on the waters of the 
river or on the biological organisms, including the fish, within them. 
The University of Washington, as an institution already concerned 
with fisheries biology and located in the near neighborhood of the 
new Hanford plant, was asked by the Office of Scientific Research and 
Development to establish a special research facility to evaluate the 
basic problems. The applied fisheries laboratory thus was created 
to study the effects of various amounts of radiation on aquatic forms, 
and these studies it conducted for the Manhattan Engineering Dis- 
