148 MARINE SCIENCE 
Dr. Fremine. In recent years there has been a sudden increase in 
opportunities in various electronic manufacturing companies and in 
the aircraft industry. 
The Cuarrman. I know in the aircraft industry and, of course, in 
the industries that are contractors for the Navy in all fields of under- 
water activity. Would it be a fair statement to say generally that 
there are plenty of opportunities in the private field for a well-trained 
oceanographer today ? 
Dr. Fiemine. Yes, sir. I feel very strongly that we should. not. . 
just train to meet existing demands, but that if we do our job as we 
should and produce a well-qualified, well-trained imaginative scientist, 
that there will be many jobs open to him as his capabilities become 
known. 
In other words, I feel that educators, through their best efforts, 
create a demand for their product rather than the other point of view 
which is directly expressed that there is no point in training people 
because there are no jobs at the present time. This is certainly not 
true. 
The Cuairman. I think that may be because this thing has been a 
little more dormant than it should have been, there is a prevailing 
impression, maybe with parents or with young people, that this is a 
field which, when you get into it is pretty well limited to Govern- 
ment activity or teaching activity. 
We should do what we can to dispel that. I don’t think we have 
done enough. There is a great future in private activity in this 
field, in all phases of it. 
Dr. Fiemine. In addition to formal classroom lectures and labora- 
tories, the students in oceanography must have opportunities to gain 
practical experience in dealing with their subject by working at sea 
on research and survey vessels. At the University of Washington, 
research and instruction in marine biology began nearly 60 years ago. 
Oceanographic research received a strong impetus about 30 years ago 
when the Rockefeller Foundation provided $265,000 for the establish- 
ment of a research laboratory on the University of Washington cam- 
pus. Extensive and intensive studies of the coastal and inland waters 
have continued ever since on an expanding scale. During the past 
15 years, with financial support from such Federal agencies as the 
Office of Naval Research, the Atomic Energy Commission and the 
National Science Foundation, studies also have been made over large 
areas of the ocean extending from the Marshall Islands to Stations 
Alpha and Charley on the Artic ice pack. Undergraduate and grad- 
uate students have participated in such cruises and have assisted in the 
preparation of the scientific reports. During the past two summers, 
studies have been made in the virtually unknown waters in the Chuk- 
chi Sea, north of Bering Strait and bordering the northwestern coast 
of Alaska. 
Experience in research at sea as well as in the laboratory, study of 
theoretical problems, development of new instruments, and observa- 
tion of processes in dynamic tidal models, are all important aspects 
in the training of our students. To further broaden the experience of 
graduate students and also to take advantage of the unique opportuni- 
ties for research that can be provided by other departments and col- 
leges in the University, we have provided assistance in various ways 
