MARINE SCIENCE tah 
that will be needed in the coming decade. Senator Magnuson is to be 
congratulated on the care with which he has considered the total scope 
of the expanded effort. It is the intent of the University of Wash- 
ington to participate in all phases of the marine sciences. Because 
of the location of the university and because of the importance of the 
ocean in the economic and cultural life of the State, the university 
recognizes its great responsibilities in both teaching and research on 
the ocean and on the marine resources. However, the training of 
students in oceanography is a national rather than a local problem. 
An examination of the records of our students reveals that only about 
one-half of them indicated the State of Washington as their home. 
About 5 percent are foreign students. Of the graduate students, about 
60 percent are from out of State. For this reason, we must depend to 
a large extent on Federal support if our program is to be increased. 
The Cuatrrman. Most of them leave when they are through because 
of the shortage throughout the whole country in this field. 
Dr, Firemine. This is true. 
In conclusion, I should like to offer the following comments. To 
effectively implement the comprehensive plans outlined in S. 901, 
four factors are of the utmost importance: 
1. The very highest priority must be assigned to the items relating 
to education. It takes far longer to train personnel than it does to 
build ships and other facilities and unless an immediate start is made 
on the lengthy processes of education, the expanded program will suf- 
fer for a lack of qualified staff. 
2. An adequate share of the funds for educational purposes must be 
specifically allocated for the construction or improvement and for 
equipping of facilities designed primarily for teaching purposes. 
This will involve grants of considerable size for procurement and 
construction. 
3. An adequate share of the funds for educational purposes must 
be provided to increase the number of faculty positions. Such funds 
must be granted for relatively long periods (at least 5 years) in order 
to attract the high quality of personnel that is desired and also to 
encourage the faculties to undertake the difficult tasks in basic 
research. 
The Cuairman. We have tried, Doctor, to get away from a real 
problem in this whole field of science by creating a budgetary climate, 
an Appropriations Committee climate for, say, the National Science 
Foundation, to use as an example, so that they won’t be limited to a 
Government fiscal year, from July 1 to June 30, so that they can spread 
this out and anticipate for 3, 4, or 5 years. The present Appropria- 
tions Committee has gone along with me on the National Science 
Foundation. I hope we can continue that, because these things, as 
you point out, can’t be limited to a July 1 to June 30 basis. It just 
isn’t there. 
Dr. Fiemine. This we also feel. I think it is particularly impor- 
tant that any funds that are available for faculty must be for a long 
period to insure that you not only get the type of scientist that you 
would like to have, but to give them an opportunity to undertake 
these long-range research programs that are not really very practical 
where short-term funds are the sources of support. 
4. In formulating plans for the support of students, full considera- 
tion must be given to the efficiency in the program as well as to the 
numbers to be trained. Arrangements should allow students to pur- 
