162 MARINE SCIENCE 
The United States cannot afford to surrender control of the fisheries off its 
eoast to Soviet Russia or to any other country, first because of the potential 
direct threat of the presence of large fleets of foreign fishing vessels off our coast, 
as well as from the aspect of world production of food. Further, it must be recog- 
nized that control of marine fisheries can be used by Russia to exert economic 
or political pressures on any country which is dependent upon marine fisheries. 
Senate bill 901 recognizes the need for the United States to study 
the ocean and its fisheries. It is especially important in that it pro- 
vides for the study of the economic and technological, as well as the 
biological aspects of the fisheries. With specific allocation of at least 
25 percent of the funds indicated in section 6 for grants to universities 
for basic fisheries research it will provide support for the training of 
graduate students in fisheries biology and technology. Well trained 
scientists in these areas are now scarce in the United States and are an 
absolute requirement for the developments provided in the bill and 
are also needed for continuation of present fisheries programs. 
It is a pleasure to support this bill and to express the interest of the 
faculty of the College of Fisheries in its passage. 
COLLEGE OF FISHERIES’ FACULTY 
Mr. Milo C. Bell Dr. John Liston 
Dr. Allan C. DeLacy Dr. William F. Royce 
Dr. Alexander M. Dollar Dr. Albert K. Sparks 
Dr. Lauren Donaldson Dr. Richard Van Cleve 
Dr. Paul E. Fields. Dr. Arthur Welander 
STATEMENT By Dr. Cart H. OPPENHEIMER, MARINE MICROBIOLOGIST, INSTITUTE OF 
MARINE SCIENCE, Port ARANSAS, TEX. 
Magc# 8, 1961. 
Hon. WARREN G. MAGNUSON 
U.S. Senate, Washington, D.C. 
Dear Senator Maanuson: I appreciate the opportunity to present to your 
committee my views, and I hope those of my esteemed colleagues, on the impor- 
tant but usually under-emphasized field of marine microbiology as part of the 
general topic of oceanology and the need for an intensification of effort to pro- 
vide an understanding of the field. 
May I commend you and your colleagues for the broadness of bill S. 901, the 
prospective Marine Science and Research Act of 1961. It is not my intent to 
delve into any specific aspect, but rather it is my desire to emphasize the position 
of the field of marine microbiology in the plan of oceanographic development and 
how your bill will stimulate research and teaching in this important aspect of 
science. 
The rather few scientists in our field cannot begin to cope with the important 
aspects of our field which need immediate attention. Our expanding population 
daily introduces new aspects of marine microbiology which cry for understand- 
ing and possible control. Deep sea microbiology is almost nonexistent in the 
United States, and the only major effort in this field is being made by Russia, 
who has five large oceanographic research ships with microbiological labo- 
ratories and attendant scientists. Before one can fully understand the role of 
micro-organisms in the sea, he must have a general background in oceanology. 
An increase in the training and research facilities of marine laboratories, the 
establishment of new laboratories, and above all, the establishment of research 
fellowships, would provide the necessary centers and impetus for the training of 
the marine microbiologists who are currently needed. We must turn more and 
more to the seas for water, food, and raw materials. It takes time for micro- 
biological research, and therefore bill S. 901 is quite timely in that it provides 
the impetus to start now on research to alleviate existing problems and those 
which are imminent. 
