168 MARINE SCIENCE 
clined to say that anybody who wants to solve cancer has little chance to do so, 
but anyone who studies basic phenomena of life does have a chance. This is 
important to your problem, because the ocean, the cradle of life, offers innumer- 
able possibilities for the approach to the most basic problems, apart from offer- 
ing, also, solutions for more immediate needs. The greatest store of energy on 
this globe, for instance, is the so-called heavy water contained in the ocean. 
I do not think that I can add, more than this, to what I have said before, nor 
do I think that I could improve on the language or the contents of the bill. 
However, if I may give you additional advice, this would be to invite Philip 
Armstrong as a witness to your hearings, or ask him to give his opinion, or do 
both. Philip Armstrong is the Director of the Marine Biological Laboratory and 
is also a professor at Syracuse, at the medical school. He is well acquainted 
with medical problems and also with the workings of marine biological labora- 
tories. I may add to this that he is a very nice and exceedingly capable man. 
He is the best Director we have ever had here and he has a really broad vision 
on the problems involved. His address is: Dr. Philip B. Armstrong, Director of 
the Marine Biological Laboratory, 766 Irving Avenue, Syracuse 10, N.Y. 
My own personal scientific interest is limited to the really basic phenomena 
of life, but Dr. Armstrong is conversant with all the interrelations of the dif- 
ferent branches of science and would be of more help to you than I. 
I sincerely regret that I -will be unable to attend your hearings, being abroad 
in the middle of March. Needless to say, I would be delighted to support you 
in any way that I can. 
With the best wishes and expression of my highest regard, I remain 
Sincerely yours, 
ALBERT SZENT-GYORGYI. 
STATEMENT oF JAMES IE. NOoBLIN, JR., DirectorR oF HcoNoMIC RESEARCH, 
MissrissrePr1 INDUSTRIAL & TECHNOLOGICAL RESEARCH COMMISSION, JACKSON, 
Muss. 
Mr. Chairman, my name is James BE. Noblin, Jr., and I am director of economic 
research for Mississippi’s Industrial & Technological Research Commission, a 
research organization which marshals the research resources and personnel of 
our universities and colleges and of our State agencies to focus upon the re- 
search needs of scientific and industrial development in our State. 
I urge that you expedite application of the major recommendations pre- 
sented in S. 901, the proposed Marine Sciences and Research Act of 1961, and 
this is why: 
First, in 1961, it is estimated that research and development spending will 
approach $14 billion, 12 percent more than in 1960, of which over one-half ($7.4 
pillion) will be expended by the Federal Government. How much of this will 
be spent in attempts to gain greater insight into the scientific puzzles, economic 
opportunities, and commercial potentialities inherent in our virgin oceans and 
estuaries? Unfortunately, it is a negligible amount. 
Through research we expect vaccines for measles and the common eold in 
1961; greatly improved fuel cells and solar cells; stronger, harder, and tougher 
plastics; discovery of the 103d element; launching of the first nuclear-powered 
merchant cargo vessel; an oral male contraceptive; dehydration of foods through 
freeze drying; greater understanding of the effects of radiation on life proc- 
esses and of the cause of cancer; ultra-high-speed computer transistors and 
diodes—to name a few. And in outer space, we look for manned orbital flight 
in 1961; an unmanned soft landing on the moon; firing of the Centaur and 
Saturn supercockets; orbiting of a communication satellite and perfecting of 
photo and heat detector reconnaissance satellites. 
But what do we expect in 1961 from research on inner space, i.e., our oceans— 
a few more ocean cruises; maybe a new addition to a particular phylum; some 
new theories but not many solutions to current problems or developments of a 
nature relative to other fields of endeavor. 
Why this lack of progress in a field so vital to our national defense and our 
mutual welfare? All of the basic reasons revert back to lack of adequate fi- 
nancial support in the past. S. 901 attempts to attack this problem by allocat- 
ing approximately $65 million annually for a coordinated 10-year program of ex- 
panded ocean, estuarine, and Great Lakes research. This vitally needed ap- 
propriation would represent only 0.8 percent of the Federal Government’s total 
research and development expenditures for 1961. 
