59. What universities and colleges have oceanographic courses? 



Before World War II, only two universities in the United States 

 granted degrees in oceanography. By 1966, at least 50 colleges and uni- 

 versities were granting degrees in oceanography, marine biology, and 

 ocean engineering; at least 20 others offered courses. 



Because oceanographic facilities and ships are expensive, most institu- 

 tions offer a broad training program covering the basic sciences, mathe- 

 matical sciences, and some introductory environmental courses. Nor- 

 mally, the oceanographic curriculum is available to those who have 

 completed the bachelor's degree. Specialization in marine biology and 

 marine geology is available to undergraduates at some schools. In June 

 1966, the Sea Grant College Act, first suggested by Dean Athelstan 

 Spilhaus, now President of the Franklin Institute in Philadelphia, and 

 introduced into Congress by Senator Claiborne Pell (Rhode Island), was 

 passed. This project to develop and support universities in much the 

 same fash ion as land grant colleges is being administered by the National 

 Science Foundation. 



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A Student interested in becoming an oceanographer should first major 

 in one (or more) of the basic sciences— physics, biology, geology, chem- 

 istry, or meteorology. His later study of the ocean will relate to his past 

 major. Most institutions offering degrees in oceanography require a 

 bachelor's degree as a prerequisite. Oceanographers are expected to have 

 mathematics through calculus. 



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