130 NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC PROGRAM LEGISLATION 



3'ear, and I believe it was Congressman Rogers' bill, provides for a 

 list to be established. No list has been established yet — but it would 

 seem clear to me that the king crab by any definition should be in- 

 cluded and we hope in the State of Maine that lobsters will be included 

 also. 



Mr, Lennon. You do a little lobbying for your lobsters then. 



Mr. TuppER. I have done so. 



Mr. Lennok. Mr. Downmg ? 



Mr. Downing. Senator, I want to add my commendation to your 

 excellent statement. It is interesting. It is scholarly. It is a good 

 approach to a very challenging problem and I would hope that it gets 

 wide publicity. 



I think that we have the general public behind us in this move. I 

 believe that they are aware of the necessity of doing something to 

 corral our resources in the ocean. 



Gettmg to your statement, on page 5 I notice that you say that we 

 have increased our territory over which we will hold sovereign rights 

 under the international law. Actually we do not hold sovereign 

 rights, do we ? Thej^ are more or less fishing rights ? 



Senator BaPiTlett. No; my understanding is that it goes beyond 

 that, according to the terms of the convention, and sovereign rights 

 are conveyed over these delineated areas. 



Mr. Downing. Would this be an extension of the 3-mile boundary 

 which we now recognize as the sovereign right ? 



Senator Bartlett. No, not at all. We would have a sovereign right 

 to the living and nonliving resources on the Continental Shelf, but 

 the extension of the territorial limits would remain within the provmce 

 of each maritime nation. 



Mr. Downing, Sovereign rights then would be limited to that field? 



Senator Bartlett. Those specific elements that are named — min- 

 erals, for example, fish. 



Mr. Downing. Thank you very much. Senator, 



Mr. Casey. Will the gentleman jaeld so we can clear that up ? 



Mr. Downing. Yes indeed. 



Mr. Casey. Some of the others have not had the opportunity that 

 the Senator has and some of the other members have had. With 

 respect to the territorial watei^ as far as access, the control of foreign 

 ships is still up m the air, isn't it. Senator? Each country kind of 

 designates its own ? 



Senator Bartlett. You mean the limit of the territorial v.'aters? 



Mr. Casey. Yes. 



Senator Bartlett. This is true. 



Mr. Casey. And the 3-mile limit is just something that we have kind 

 of picked out in our tradition. There is no law on that and no agree- 

 ment on that, is there. Senator, the 3-mile limit for the United States. 



Senator Bartlett. The 3-mile limit I believe was established by 

 Executive proclamation. 



Mr. Casey. What I mean is there is no international agreement ? 



Senator Bartlett. No ; no international agreement. 



Mr, Casey, That is one of the big problems in the world now, to 

 try to establish these territorial waters. 



Senator Bartlett, Yes, that is a very great problem. Of course 

 it is one that is of great interest to our Defense Department, particu- 



