NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC PROGRAM LEGISLATION 177 



realize that this committee now is considering a subject matter which 

 is of paramount interest, economically, militarily, and in every other 

 way, to those people, and in a more immediate way than it is to the 

 whole interior of the country, but as this is an interdependent country 

 as things happen on the coast that are beneficial, that benefit is ulti- 

 mately felt across the land. 



Insofar as the program of oceanography is concerned, I find people 

 talking about it in about three different categories. The scientific 

 studies, that is, those elements of the earth covered with sea water, 

 that are approached on a scientific, classic discipline basis, as a study 

 in physics, chemistry, biology, et cetera. The systematic mapping, 

 the charting which is done for purposes of navigation and now going 

 on into the deep ocean for observation, and, finally, the new, and, I 

 think, much more important area of engineering oceanography. 



Engineering studies are a prelude to real accomplishment and an 

 integral part of looking into matters and finding them then effective in 

 the economic pattern in your country, and this engineering effort has 

 to come ahead of a real impact in the economic activities of your 

 country. It is very important that engineering effort is now being 

 seen, and it certainly should be encouraged. 



Many people have spoken about what are the potentials in the ocean, 

 and how they would contribute to the national interest. I would just 

 like to give a list of 19. 



First, it will increase our security from enemy sea or undersea 

 attack. 



Now, our good colleague, Mr. Downing, indicated the representa- 

 tion of inner space and outer space, which are the two great thrusts 

 of our day, and I suggest to you that we are involved in both a cold 

 war and a wet war, and it is as important, I think, to the country how 

 we are proceeding in the wet war as it is as to how we are proceeding 

 in the cold war, and that wet war is going to be waged under the seas, 

 under the oceans of the world, and it is moving ahead now in a very 

 important way. 



Second, augment the efficiencj^ of our own undersea forces. 



Third, advance underwater acoustics and communications. 



Fourth, improve commerce and navigation, and safeguard it against 

 disruption in the event of a national emergency. 



Fifth, increase the accuracies of long-range weather forecasts. 



Sixth, ultimately enable mankind to foresee climatological changes 

 of world significance. 



Seventh, afford greater protection of lives and property from ocean- 

 bred hurricanes and other vital storms. 



Eighth, restore and strengthen fisheries and reduce costs to both 

 fishermen and consumer. 



Ninth, alleviate the protein deficiencies in the diets of millions of 

 undernourished children and mothers in the underdeveloped nations 

 of the world, and on that one, may I s?ij, gentlemen, that scientific 

 information indicates that there is in the oceans of the world enough 

 protein to feed 30 billion people ; so, before man has tried to multiply 

 or to improve what the ocean has to offer, it can already feed 10 times 

 more people than there are in the whole world, and this would be like 

 looking at the United States when the Pilgrims first put their foot on 

 the land to say that there is protein here in wild turkeys and elk and 



