178 NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC PROGRAM LEGISLATION 



deer, and so forth, and not take into consideration the great beef and 

 turkey and chicken and other industries we have built up since then 

 to prove how productive the land can be. 



Tenth, reveal ocean depths of scarce and strategic minerals and 

 materials, and develop methods of recovering and processing them. 



Eleventh, to find on the ocean floor deposits of sand and gravel and 

 clay that can be used in such things as beach erosion and the construc- 

 tion industry, and I can tell you where I live it is very important that 

 we find new sources for sand and gravel, because the old sources are 

 going very quickly, and, yet, we are going to be multiplying our popu- 

 lation by a factor of two by 1980, which means that we have got to 

 build homes and houses for all of these people with a depletion in the 

 kind of basic materials it takes. 



Twelfth, to expand our knowledge of the fossil fields that lay be- 

 neath the ocean. 



Thirteenth, diminish the pollution dangers from atomic and other 

 wastes. 



Fourteenth, facilitate discovery of many new medical or pharmaco- 

 logical weapons in the eternal war against disease. 



Fifteenth, safeguard waterfront properties from beach erosion. 



Sixteenth, diminish damage to docks, piers, vessels, and so forth, 

 from marine borings and fouling organisms. 



Seventeenth, protect and encourage seashore recreation. 



Eighteenth, provide a base for international agreements on owner- 

 ship, transit, fishing and mineral deposits. 



And, nineteenth, strengthen basic research, using the sea as a labora- 

 tory for extending knowledge of the world around us, as a long-range 

 investment for developing the base potential and practical application. 



I think that these potentials warrant some kind of an expression of 

 our national attitude, our national interests, and our national goals, 

 and I think that is what some of this legislation is designed to do. 



Now, I would like to speak specifically about two programs that I 

 hope you will include in your considerations. 



I was pressed into doing a little background work on what the 

 Lewis and Clark Expedition meant to the United States. The history 

 of this endeavor started primarily out of, you will recall, the interest 

 of Thomas Jefferson. Now, before that very astute and, I am sure, 

 far-reaching, planning man really made a deal with the French and 

 those other interests that were already involved to obtain for the 

 United States some of this land by purchase, he was already planning 

 to send a group of people from the United States to explore the 

 unexplored areas in this land. His notes indicate that as earljr as 

 1783, he already had the framework for a Lewis and Clark operation. 



It actually wasn't funded until 1803, when in a secret message to 

 Congress, he pointed out the advantage of sending an exploring party 

 into this area ; and he ultimately received an appropriation of $2,500, 

 which started this operation, and I was interested to learn that even 

 at that early time, there was a participation by private enterprise, 

 to go along with this exploration. 



And it also had a scientific arm, which was not very well publicized. 

 Actually, there were some scientists went along on the expedition, 

 to introduce what was called a kine pox to the Indians, because they 

 were dying off so heavily, because of this particular disease. 



