184 NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC PROGRAM LEGISLATION 



I think there is very little disag-reement from the members that have 

 testified, and certainly the members of the committee, that there is a 

 very pressing need, a very demanding need, and it is time that we really 

 get to work and get an action program that will be sufficiently well co- 

 ordinated that we can move this program ahead in spite of the execu- 

 tive branch, if that is the way it has to be. We hope that it can be 

 done on cooperative basis but, if it cannot, I think, then, we had better 

 take the bull by the horns and get it moving. 



No further questions. 



Mr. Lennon. Thank you, Mr. Reinecke. 



Mr. Downing? 



Mr. Downing. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. 



You have made an interesting statement, and I think you have made 

 a contribution to this effort. 



Mr. Hanna. Thank you, Mr. Downing. 



Mr. Lennon. Mr. Dow ? 



Mr. Dow. Yours is a very imaginative statement, Mr. Hanna. 



I have only one rather narrow question, and that is : You mentioned 

 the extension of sovereignty over a wider extent of territiorial waters. 

 Do you find the offshore oil drilling is causing the United States to 

 extend its sovereignty over adjacent waters, or have we allowed this 

 drilling to continue in international waters without attempting to 

 protect it with our own extension of sovereignty ? 



Mr. Hanna. Well, I think that there is a move on, both by the 

 United States in its interests and by the various other nations. I 

 think, for instance, the fight we are having over fisheries, about the 

 claims of Chile and some others, indicates that where there is a 

 particular national interest, right now, the move is to move out the 

 territorial boundaries. I suggest that that is so, because there is such 

 a lack of international law, and the strength and effectiveness of it. 



People, if they are going to put in money to develop resources, make 

 an investment, want to know it is assured, and the only way you can 

 back it up is by some kind of legal power, so we are trying to do that, 

 I think, with the extension for domestic reasons of domestic jurisdic- 

 tions, but I want to point out that that is not always the wisest kind 

 of a move. And we might be protecting something at home and losing 

 far much more abroad. 



I think we need to look at this with a very critical eye, and this is 

 why I am very strongly in favor of Mr. Lennon's approach about our 

 getting a little more concerned, a little more relating a national policy 

 to what is happening to this law of the sea, both internationally and 

 domestically. 



Mr. Dow. That ends my question, and I yield to Mr. Downing. 



Mr. Downing. You have made a most interesting point. 



Several years ago, I was very interested in extending the interna- 

 tional boundary from 3 miles to 12 miles. As you know, the 3-mile 

 limit was established way back there, and that was the maximum 

 range of a cannonball. 



Mr. Hanna. That is right. 



Mr. Downing. And that was the basis for a 3-mile limit, but when 

 I got into it, the Navy and the State Department very quickly in- 

 formed me that perhaps that was not too wise, in that other countries, 

 if they extended their limits to 12 miles, could effectively cut off, say, 



