280 NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC PROGRAM LEGISLATION 



provided by the activities encompassed in the word "oceanography" to 

 accomplish their practical purposes. In fact, this link to the missions 

 of the ag-encies makes the oceanographic program productive and 

 viable and responsive to the national needs. 



On the other hand, several agencies frequently need the same infor- 

 mation, in which case only one of the agencies needs to obtain it. The 

 information collected by a single agency must thus be .made available 

 to all agencies and to the scientific community and to industry, as 

 well. In the final analysis, it is the variety of goals and activities 

 that generates the need for coordination. All changes in organiza- 

 tional structure that I have ever encountered only change the inter- 

 faces across which coordination must occur. 



For reasons mentioned earlier, your bill, Mr. Chairman, H.K. 2218, 

 in my opinion, represents tlie best general approach to the complex 

 problem of coordination of oceanography — an area of science and 

 technology of significance to the economic, military, and social prog- 

 ress of this country. I would like to recommend its enactment. Thank 

 you very much, and I will be pleased to answer whatever questions 

 lean. 



Mr. Lenin-qn. Thank you. Doctor. Mr. Casey ? 



Mr. Casey. Doctor, I would like to try to get oriented in my own 

 mind on the various offices and agencies that we have here and how 

 they coordinate. If one is tops, which one, and so forth. 



Now, we start out with what now, the Federal Council for Science 

 and Technology ? 



Dr. HoRNiG. I do not think it is as complicated as it often sounds. 

 Tliere is the Ofiice of Science and Technology, which is responsible to 

 the President. 



On the one hand, it has the Federal Council of Science and Tech- 

 nology, which is the arm that reaches into the Government departments 

 and agencies as an advisory mechanism for the President. 



On the otlier hand, there is the President's Science Advisory Com- 

 mittee, which reaches out into the scientific and technical community 

 to get advice from outside the Government. 



So, from the two sides these funnel through OST, which provides 

 the statf responsible to the President. 



Mr. Casey. Now OST is appointed by the President, is that correct? 



Dr. HoRNiG. No, the Office of Science and Teclmology is an Execu- 

 tive Office, which was established by the Reorganization Act No. 2 of 

 1962. 



Mr. Casey. You are the Director of that ? 



Dr. HoRNiG. I am the Director of that. 



Mr. Casey. And you are appointed by the President ? 



Dr. HoRNiG. I am appointed by the President. 



Mr. Casey. Do you have a staff to assist you, and your prime pur- 

 pose is to advise the President on the programs and so forth based on 

 the information you get from these other two, is that correct ? 



Dr. HoRNiG. I have an independent responsibility to advise and 

 assist the President on matters affected by or pertaining to science and 

 technology, and I utilize these other two mechanisms to discharge that 

 responsibility. 



Mr. Casey. Now, is ICO an arm of OST? 



Dr. HoRNiG. There are 11 members on the Council. 



