NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC PROGRAM LEGISLATION 349 



o;as, four-tenths of a billion dollars for fisheries, about four-tenths 

 iDillion for the relevant part of antisubmarine warfare, $140-odd mil- 

 lion for the national oceanoffraphic program as we have heard re- 

 peatedly in these hearino-s, and a little under $100 million for activi- 

 ties relatinof to minerals. This is hard minerals as distinct from oil 

 and ffas, and a few other scattered activities give the total of about 

 $1.7 billion. 



My point is that this is already an activity of considerable magni- 

 tude. It is also an acti^aty of rapidly increasinof rate. In some sec- 

 tors the rate of increase is almost 15 percent annually. 



One mi2:ht ask why this rather large acti^aty on the part of business, 

 science, and Government. There are thre<e motives, and this is nothing 

 new. but it needs to be said in the interest of clarity. 



The first motive for interest in the oceans is economic. Tlie oceans 

 are a source of raw materials, natural resources of many kinds. And 

 when consideration of cost indicates that it is more effective to develop 

 a given resource from the ocean's depths than to obtain the same re- 

 source from the dry land, industry will move into the ocean to get it, 

 and it is that force which is at work already. 



The second motive for being interested in the oceans is military. 

 They form our outermost frontier, as is e^ndent to all. 



And the third moti^^ is the purely scientific interest in learning 

 more about this 71 percent of the planet. 



In my discussion this morning I would like to emphasize the eco- 

 nomic motive, not with any lack of recognition of the importance of 

 the other two, but speaking on behalf of the N'ational Association of 

 Manufacturers it is natural that our interests are directed primarily 

 toward economic motivation and economically oriented activities. 



With this in mind, we find that there are three distinctly different 

 sorts of things needed to encourage private investment and private en- 

 terprise to move into the oceans even more actively than they are 

 already doing. 



These three activities are distinctly different in kind and I would 

 like to identify them below : 



The first is legal. This has been mentioned briefly in the earlier 

 hearings, but it needs to be looked at very carefully. In this con- 

 text we are referring to the administrative and the regulatory aspects 

 of legislation. We need clearcut guidelines to put it simply. To 

 whom does one go to drill a hole in the ocean if he wants to do so? 

 To what county courthouse does he turn to stake his claim to a certain 

 area ? 



It is most important that in developing one resource, one does not 

 inadvertently handicap the development of another. A clear admin- 

 istrative structure is needed above and beyond the excellent steps 

 which are already in progress. 



In parallel with this is a need for regulatory action to control the 

 safety of personnel, the assurance of the ownership of patents and 

 many other aspects of ocean operations. 



The map on the stand at the side of the committee room_ dramatically 

 demonstrates the magnitude of what we are talking about. The bold 

 red outlines which indicate the Continental Shelves indicate about a 

 million square miles of territorv which contains some riches already 



