418 NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC PROGRAM LEGISLATION 



the ocean. In many sectors of the world animal protein from the ocean can be 

 produced much more cheaply than animal protein from the land, and it has been 

 this fact which has motivated the vast expansion of the Russian fishing effort, 

 which is being followed now in strong fashion by Bulgaria, Rvimania, and Poland, 

 and into which the countries of Western Europe are beginning to move. The 

 production of animal protein from the ocean has more than doubled in the past 

 10 years, and the rate of increase of the fisheries is still increasing. 



It is noted that while the production of animal protein from the ocean is in- 

 creasing at a much more rapid rate tlian is the human population most of the in- 

 crease is going to the feeding of the industrialized countries whose people do not 

 have a protein deficiency in their diet but do have the purchasing power to 

 satisfy their desire to eat better. 



It is an anomaly that there are a number of sectors of the world ocean that are 

 particularly productive which lie adjacent to groups of humans who particularly 

 suffer from protein malnutrition. Examples are provided by "West Africa. West 

 India, the peninsula of southeast Asia, and the west coast of Central and South 

 America. 



The sensible thing to do is to develop indigenous fisheries in these countries 

 so that they can catch the animal protein they need. If they wish to sell part of 

 this abroad for foreign exchange with which to buy other things they need, as is 

 sometimes the case, that is their business, but it is at least sensible to equip them 

 with the skills and means by which they can catch the resources adjacent to their 

 coast that they need, and at the same time to provide them with the means for 

 preventing the overfishing of these renewable resources. 



It has been a settled i>olicy in the United States for a long while, and a number 

 of administrations of both parties, that we would do what we could to help the 

 developing countries come to a higher stage of development, and that particu- 

 larly we would help them learn how to feed their peoples better. When Presi- 

 dent Johnson says as he did recently (Newsweek, Aug. 2) that we are going to 

 make life better and more enjoyable and more significant for all the 3 billion 

 people of the world, he means it, he reflects a large consensus on this point in 

 the country, and he is reiterating policy established and agreed to before he came 

 to ofiice. 



Furthermore we are doing a great deal in a number of directions to attack this 

 protein malnutrition problem on a worldwide basis. A brief look at some of the 

 things we are doing will serve to illustrate the need for improving our ocean- 

 oriented establishments and institutions both nationally and internationally. 



USAID has done important things in this field. Examples are provided by the 

 fishery harbor at Karachi, the financing of the NAGA expedition in the Gulf of 

 Thailand, the financing of t^ie Guinean Trawl Survey, fellowships, surveys by 

 specialists, etc. It is still doing so. 



Special Fund of the United Nations (headquarters, New York) has the United 

 States as a major source of funds. It has become the major supporter on a 

 worldwide basis of fishery predevelopment surveys, the training of fishery scien- 

 tists and administrators in developing countries, and the supporter of much 

 ocean science in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Ocean. 



The Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO (headquarters, 

 Paris) derives major financial support from the United States. International 

 oceanographic expeditions under its purview are becoming increasingly fishery 

 development oriented because that is what its member countries want, and the 

 same thing is happening in its fellowship and training programs because its mem- 

 ber countries want people trained in fishery development not academic 

 oceanography. 



The World Meteorological Organization (headquarters. Geneva) until rather 

 recently has had only a modest interest in the ocean. This interest is now in- 

 creasing sharply and it will have within its purview not only the routine collec- 

 tion of ocean and air observations at sea by ships but the "weather watch" series 

 of unmanned telemetering observation buoys that is hoped for in the near future. 



The Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (head- 

 quarters, Rome) has primary responsibility in the United Nations family for all 

 matters concerning fishery development and other fishery matters. lit is the 

 executive agency for Special Fund Fishery Predevelopment Surveys. Fishery 

 Projects in the Expanded Program of Technical Assistance of ECOSOC. has a 

 regular program of its own under its own budget, and has constitutional rela- 

 tionships and responsibilities with the Indo-Pacific Fishery Council, the West 



