NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC PROGRAM LEGISLATION 583 



ography, which we certainly have covered to a fine degree in these 3 

 weeks of hearings. 



The other two legs are human resources, trained personnel, and of 

 course, ocean teclinology. 



I was very pleased with Professor Stephan's statement yesterday 

 which emphasized ocean technology and engineering. 



Again, I recognize that many of the bills have cited these deficien- 

 cies, or let me say in a different sense, the need to have greater efforts 

 in this area, but I wonder if it has been adequately brought out in the 

 hearings. 



Human resources — very important — we are only turning out and 

 have been for several years, about 20 Ph. D's a year in oceanography. 

 It takes nine Ph. D's to make up for losses of people leaving the 

 profession. 



To maintain a 9-percent growth in the field of human resources, that 

 is trained ocean scientists, and we are just talking scientists now, we 

 need at least 45 a year. Today, two-thirds of our oceanographers are 

 coming from outside professions. 



In other words, we need more schools ; we need more facilities for 

 instruction. 



On the technology side we have to be careful when we draw historic 

 parallels with the space program because the space program was able 

 to utilize the great technological base of our aviation industry which 

 built almost half a million aircraft in 1944 alone. We do not have 

 this technological base, this vast teclinological base in what I would 

 like to call "inner space." 



We have to build it, we have to recruit people from the other areas, 

 and I think industry has shown an amazing good faith in the future of 

 this business. 



Great segments of the aircraft industry are vitally interested in 

 ocean sciences and technology. This is a very important area, but 

 remember, without human resources the other two areas, science and 

 technology, just will not go. 



A very real manifestation of our need to have a very higlily devel- 

 oped ocean technology is very current in the news. The loss of this 

 jetliner over the lake near Chicago — now, here is a type of aircraft 

 that represents a huge capital investment on the part of the airlines 

 and the aircraft industry. 



We are unable really to — we have not the technology, the good tech- 

 nology to go out and work in just a couple of himdred feet of 

 water to recover this aircraft to find out what the causes were. And 

 this is a tremendous problem to our aircraft accident investigators — 

 being able to work in the water. 



We have a good historical example of the importance of this. This 

 is not just a remote case, but the British Comet Airliner. As I recall, 

 the real solution came from the one that was recovered from the sea 

 floor off Italy where they discovered the fatigue cracks in the pres- 

 surized cabin were the cause. In other words, metal fatigue causing 

 the cabin to crack and blow apart after it was pressurized after a 

 certain number of cycles, and this was based on wreckage recovered 

 from the water. 



Here is a very real and timely requirement for ocean technology. 

 There are legions of employments, both civilian and military that 



