144 LAWS GOVERNING MARINE INSPECTION 



Replacement of licensed officer on foreign voyage 

 46 U.S.C. 221 (R.S. 4131) 



In cases where on a foreign voyage, or on a voyage from an Atlantic 

 to a Pacific port of the United States^ any such vessel is for any rea- 

 son deprived of the services of an officer below the grade of master, 

 his place, or a vacancy caused by the promotion of another officer to 

 such place, may be supplied by a person not a citizen of the United 

 States until the first return of such vessel to its homeport ; and such 

 vessel shall not be liable to any penalty or penal tax for such em- 

 ployment of an alien officer. 



Shipping seamen to replace those lost by desertion or casualty 



46 U.S.C. 569 (R.S. 4516) 



In case of desertion or casualty resulting in the loss of one or more 

 of the seamen, the master must ship, if obtainable, a number equal 

 to the number of those whose services he has been deprived of by 

 desertion or casualty, who must be of the same or higher grade or 

 rating with those whose places they fill, and report the same to the 

 United States consul at the first port at which he shall arrive, without 

 incurring the penalty prescribed by sections 567 and 568 of this title. 

 This section shall not apply to fishing or whaling vessels or yachts. 



Removal of captain by owners 



46 U.S.C. 227 (R.S. 4250) 



Any person or body corporate having more than one-half owner- 

 ship of any vessel shall have the same power to remove a master, 

 who is also part owner of such vessel, as such majority owners have 

 to remove a master not an owner. This section shall not appl^ where 

 there is a valid written agreement subsisting, by virtue of which such 

 master would be entitled to possession. 



Exhibition of licenses 



46 U.S.C. 232 (R.S. 4446) 



Every master, mate, engineer, and pilot who shall receive a license 

 shall, when employed upon any vessel, within forty-eight hours after 

 going on duty, place his certificate of license, which shall be framed 

 under glass, in some conspicuous place in such vessel, where it can 

 be seen by passengers and others at all times : Provided., That in case 

 of emergency such officer may be transferred to another vessel of 

 the same owners for a period not exceeding forty-eight hours without 

 the transfer of his license to such other vessel ; and for every neglect 

 to comply with this provision by any such master, mate, engineer, or 

 pilot he shall be subject to a fine of $100, or to the revocation of his 

 license. 



