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for improving the environment of the shelf? Could we as a nation 

 abutting the Continental Shelf be able to use that as the authority for 

 unilateral action to zone C ? 



Mr. Train. Well, I don't think that by a process of zoning we can do 

 anything which we are not otherwise entitled to under international 

 law. In other words, I don't think any unilateral action can give us 

 greater jurisdiction than we already have under international law. 



Mr. Keith. So if we wanted to proceed with legislation protecting 

 the water column, we would have to go to IMCO and the international 

 treaty group. 



Mr. Train. Within the 3-mile limit you can do anything you want 

 with the water. Within the contiguous zone I am uncertain what you 

 can do. I just don't know, there are a number of rules. You can control 

 dumping to an extent but only if it affects your territorial waters and 

 your shore. 



Mr. Keith. Does your concept, or your role, have a positive nature 

 as well as a negative one ? Can you take steps to 



Mr. Train. I very definitely hope so, Mr. Keith. 



Mr. Keith. I have particular reference to the fishing zone. 



Mr. Train. Can I answer very quickly before you proceed because 

 I think the previous question and maybe my answer will look a little 

 strange here on the record. I would say that the record of our Council 

 in terms of positive proposals, including the ocean dumping policy 

 sent to the Congress by the President last October, is a positive one. 

 I think most of our work is of a positive nature. The legislative pack- 

 age which the President sent to this Congress, some 15 to 20 bills, is 

 a very positive program which we have developed. 



Mr. Keith. Unfortunately, we have to undo a lot that has been 

 done and we must police the area before we can improve it. Most of 

 the legislation which is in effect police action and we want to improve 

 the environment by positive roles and it can't be done until we establish 

 our authority on these resources and further establish the authority on 

 the Continental Shelf and in the water above it. 



We have to try to clear the area before we can improve it, and with 

 the shortage of protein I would hope that we could spend some time 

 and thought as to what we might do to make it more rewarding from 

 a resource point of view, particularly as relates to fisheries. Because 

 we have to police that area in a positive way; we have to have con- 

 servation measures and we have to have some way of making a better 

 habitat for the fish and the shellfish on the ocean floor. And it is 

 going to require an imaginative course of action if we are going to 

 get the resources that will be required to take care of the population. 



I have no further questions at this time. 



Mr. Lennon. Thank you, Mr. Keith. 



Mr. Kyros. 



Mr. Kyros. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. 



Mr. Train, while oil and radioactive wastes are glamorous issues 

 at present, you point out that 80 percent of what is removed from 

 the bottom is dredge spoils, and 34 percent is polluted. And every 

 day, while we sit here the State of Maine people are dredging off the 

 Atlantic coast. I don't see in all of your materials any real solution of 

 the problem. Possibly taking dredge spoils out a little further, instead 

 of 3 miles from the coast line, possibly taking them out 10 miles ; and 



