328 



Mr. DiNGELL. Your reputation satisfies me that you have the com- 

 petence to do that. 



Dr. KJETCHUM. To give a concept of the magnitude of the job, as I 

 say this proposal that I have prepared would only do a small part of 

 the overall job. I would include IT scientists and would have an annual 

 budget, for just one operation and just one small part of the problem, 

 a cost of $500,000 a year. 



I think you need for the Nation as a whole a minimum of 10 or 20 of 

 these programs. The sea grants program that this committee is cog- 

 nizant of has now a budget of something like $15 million a year and 

 much of the work that they are supporting would feed information 

 into this type of evaluation of the coastal zone. 



Mr. DiNGELL. Thank you, Doctor. 



(The information follows:) 



Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 



Woods Hole, Mass., April 16, 1971. 



MEMORANDUM 



To : The Honorable John D. Dingell. 



From : Dr. Bostwick H. Ketchum. 



Subject : Ocean Dumping Hearings, April 6, 1971, P. 318, Line 22. 



The following information is submitted for the record by Bostwick H. Ketchum. 

 It was requested by Mr. Dingell at the Hearings on Ocean Dumping. It describes 

 a research program proposed for a Center for Environmental Quality at the 

 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. 



I would like to preface this supplementary material by stating that the re- 

 search proposed by the Council of Environmental Quality which is quoted below 

 constitutes an excellent brief summary of what needs to be done. The research 

 areas given are directly pertinent to ocean dumping. I hope that this summary 

 will be helpful to the Committee in its efforts to cast an appropriate research 

 program in legislative terms. 



The balance of the attached statement is more broadly applicable to all forms 

 of pollution of the coastal zone. The entire program needs to be done, but parts 

 of it, such as disposal of waste heat and sewage, may not be apw-opriate for 

 legislation concerned with ocean dumping. 



Bostwick H. Retchum. 



proposed research program 



In its report entitled "Ocean Dumping, A National Policy," the Council on 

 Environmental Quality listed a number of research needs which are quoted 

 below : 



"Research needs 



In the long term, additional information is required in the implementation of 

 this policy. Serious information deficiencies exist, and research is required in the 

 following major areas : 



Broad-based ecological research is needed to understand the pathways of 

 waste materials in marine ecosystems. Such studies should be directed to a 

 better understanding of the food chain from microscopic plants and animals 

 to high predators ; how pollutants concentrate in the food chain ; the origin 

 and ultimate fate of pollutants in the oceans; and the effects of concentra- 

 tion on the marine environment and eventually man. 



Marine research preserves should be established to protect representative 

 marine ecosystems for research and to serve as ecological reference points — 

 baselines by which man-induced changes may be evaluated. 



Oceanographic studies of basic physical and chemical procesess should be 

 directed toward gaining a thorough understanding of the marine environ- 

 ment, with special emphasis on estuaries and coastal areas. 



Toxic materials should be identified and their lethal, sub-lethal and chronie 

 long-term effects on marine life investigated. Information is needed on the 



