MARINE SCIENCES AND RESEARCH ACT 31 
University, Baltimore, and an authority on plutonium chemistry, 
atomic weights, and chemical properties of sea water, testified: 
The information leading from these studies is essential 
to an accurate prediction of the fate of the wastes dumped, 
either intentionally or by accident, into many parts of the 
oceans, and consequently to our assessment of the hazard to 
man that might result from these actions. 
There is no implication here that we are completely 
ignorant with regard to the behavior of the oceans. On 
the contrary, the oceanographers in this country are leaders 
in their respective fields, and it is due to their efforts that 
we are now able to recommend what are certainly safe but 
restrictive procedures, and to outline the framework within 
which detailed studies can provide the basis for safe and 
efficient uses of the marine resources. 
Our present situation is one in which our inventory of 
trained oceanographers and oceanographic research facilities 
cannot keep pace with the demands for solutions to the 
problems caused by a rapidly expanding technology that 
either directly or indirectly becomes involved with the world’s 
oceans. 
The situation is urgent but not hopeless. There is time to 
make up our deficiencies, but no extra time. In my opinion 
we need a relatively long-term national policy that will 
(1) provide for the training of new oceanographers, primarily 
at the graduate and postgraduate levels, in a manner that 
will permit realistic competition with other science fields 
for the minds and talents of new scientists, and (2) provide 
the facilities, both land based and seagoing, that will permit 
present and future marine scientists to carry on efficiently 
their studies of the sea. Given these, I feel sure American 
oceanography can resume its place as a leader. 
The CHaitrMan. Well, Doctor, don’t you think that we 
need to know this for another good reason? The world’s 
oceans are the property of everyone. Other nations are 
embarking upon nuclear programs. It is obvious we are 
voing to have to have some international agreements. 
How can we go to a conference and propose international 
agreements, or accept them, or to take any leadership in them 
if we don’t know what we are talking about when we get 
there? 
Dr. Carrirt. Precisely. 
The CHarrMAN. Or some other country at least assumes 
they know more of what they are talking about than we do. 
Technically we go in empty handed at some of these con- 
ferences. 
Dr. Carrirr. That is correct. 
Section 12 would authorize appropriations to the Atomic Energy 
Commission to carry out the studies designated in section 11, specify- 
ing such sums as are necessary for the various programs but with a 
limitation on the amount expended in any one year of the 10-year 
program. 
