18 MARINE SCIENCES AND RESEARCH ACT 
engineering, agriculture, education or public affairs. Members of this 
Board are appointed by the President. 
7. The act provides that there shall be divisions within the Founda- 
tion, each concerned with a special field or fields of science, and that 
for each division there shall be a divisional committee which can con= 
sist of either members or nonmembers of the Board. 
Scientists from many universities and institutions serve on the 
Board and on the divisional committees, assuring broad expression of 
independent views. 
The Division of Marine Sciences for which the bill would provide 
would include both scientists not connected with the Government 
and representatives of the major agency participants in the program. 
This coincides partially with the British method of planning and 
conducting its oceanographic research with an enviable record of 
accomplishment. 
Great Britain in 1949 established a National Oceanographic Council, 
consisting of Government officials and representatives of universities 
and scientific bodies, the latter having an equal voice in formulating 
policies. An Executive Committee consists of a high Government 
official from each of four Government agencies and representatives 
from four major universities. This committee supervises execution of 
policy by a National Institute of Oceanography, headed by a civilian 
director appointed by the Executive Committee, and by a secretary 
who is designated by a Government agency. 
The principle of both governmental and nongovernmental partici- 
pation in planning, coordinating, and evaluating 1 is adopted in S. 2692, 
but not the centralized operational approach. 
A Division of Marine Sciences in the National Science Foundation 
with authority to carry out the responsibilities delegated to it in the 
bill would consolidate activities now dispersed in the agency among 
three separate divisions and one office—the Division of Biological and 
Medical Sciences, the Division of Mathematical, Physical and Engi- 
neering Sciences, the Division of Scientific Personnel and Education, 
and the Office of Special International Studies. 
The National Science Foundation, in its comments on S. 2692, takes 
the position that it prefers to keep marine biological activities separate 
from research in physical oceanography. In many countries and in 
many institutions of our own country, your committee is informed, 
biological, physical and chemical ocean research are carried on without 
discord by scientists and specialists in these fields associated and work- 
ing together on the same ship. Section 2 presupposes that similar 
harmony could exist within the National Science Foundation. 
No other agency in Government could perform a greater service to 
the Nation in this long-neglected scientific field than the National 
Science Foundation should it exercise the authority to be vested in it 
by section 2 of this bill. 
Committee amendments to section 2 
1. Page 3, line 4, insert ‘‘and marine surveys” immediately following 
the word ‘research’. This amendment was suggested by the Navy 
and Defense Departments in their joint comments on the bill, and by 
the Committee on Oceanography. 
2. Page 3, line 6: A period was placed after the word “Council.” 
oe Page 3; line 7, strike out ‘which requires but is not’? and sub- 
stitute “This progr am should include but not be” preceding the words 
