MARINE SCIENCES AND RESEARCH ACT 5 
New Haven, Conn.; Dr. Athelstan Spilhaus, University of Minnesota, 
Minneapolis, Minn.; Dr. Per Scholander, Scripps Institution of 
Oceanography; Mr. Sumner Pike, and Dr. Milner B. Schaefer, Inter- 
American Tropical Tuna Commission, La Jolla, Calif. 
Each of the members has attained scientific distinction as a physicist, 
marine biologist, meteorologist or marine chemist. 
Drs. Brown, Spilhaus, Iselin, Koczy, Riley, Ray, and Schaefer of 
the Committee testified before the Interstate and Foreign Commerce 
Committee at hearings on the bill held April 20, 21, and 22 of this 
year. Drs. Ewing and Revelle submitted prepared statements. 
Testimony also was given by Dr. Allyn C. Vine, Woods Hole 
Oceanographic Institution and Chairman of the Committee on Ocean- 
ography’s Panel on Engineering Needs for Ocean Exploration; Dr. 
Dayton E. Carritt, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md., 
representing the Committee’s Panel on Radioactivity in the Oceans; 
Dr. J. Lamar Worzel, Columbia University authority on underwater 
sound transmission, earthquake seismology, ocean gravities, and 
submarine topography, and Mr. Pike. 
The Committee on Oceanography held its first meeting in November 
1957. During the following year it visited major oceanographic 
institutions in all sections of the United States, conferred with scien- 
tists and officials of all Government agencies having an interest in the 
oceans or the Great Lakes, and appointed eight panels of scientists to 
assist it in special studies. More than 60 scientists from private 
institutions and laboratories participated in these panels. 
In January 1959 the Committee on Oceanography released its 
summary report and recommendations. It has since issued eight 
more reports detailing studies made in separate fields. 
These reports have been the subject of an intensive study by the 
Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce and inspired Com- 
mittee action on the program embodied in this bill. 
Two conclusions of the Committee on Oceanography merit quota- 
tion at this point. They are: 
1. From the point of view of military operations there is 
no comparison between the urgencies of the problems of the 
oceans and those of outer space. The submarine armed 
with long-range missiles is probably the most potent weapon 
system threatening our security today. 
2. Our oceanographic research ships are inadequate for 
the job which must be done. Most of the ships are old and 
outdated. Many are obsolete and should be replaced by 
ships of modern design which will be more efficient to operate 
and from which a greater variety of scientific observations 
can be made. 
Simultaneously with the study of overall marine scientific needs 
by the Committee on Oceanography, the Navy Department’s Office 
of Naval Research prepared a survey and projection of the marine 
research needs and programs financed by the Navy in universities 
and oceanographic laboratories or institutions affiliated with uni- 
versities. 
