MARINE SCIENCES AND RESEARCH ACT 61 
There are four programs of the National Science Foundation that 
are of special interest in connection with motivating more young 
persons to undertake scientific careers. One of these is the program 
that we refer to as the undergraduate research participation program. 
In this activity the National Science Foundation provides grants 
which enable participating universities to offer special research- 
oriented training opportunities for undergraduates during the summer 
months and in some cases throughout the academic year. These 
training programs may be carried out on a university campus, at a 
field station, or at some other appropriate location. This program 
provides research opportunities, including financial assistance, which 
make it possible for undergraduates to work in close contact with 
scientists who are doing significant research. As it applies to the 
problem of increasing the number of students studying oceanography, 
the undergraduate research participation program offers the possi- 
bility of presenting to highly selected undergraduate students some 
of the specific techniques of research in oceanography. It is certain 
that this type of program can have the effect of exciting the interest 
of undergraduate students and turning their minds in the direction 
of graduate study in oceanography and, therefore careers in this field. 
We are endeavoring to stimulate such activities in the field of ocean- 
ography during the coming year and stand ready to offer necessary 
support for them. 
At a lower academic level, the National Science Foundation program 
of secondary school student training programs provides a variety of 
mechanisms by means of which carefully selected high school students 
can be shown the challenges of a particular scientific field and be given 
an explanation of the type of work that is actually carried out in that 
field. ‘This past summer, for example, the American Meteorological 
Society sponsored a program along exactly these lines in an effort to 
arouse interest on the part of a selected group of high school students 
in possible careers in meteorology. Similar programs in oceanography 
could arouse the interest of a number of high school students and the 
Foundation is encouraging proposals for establishing and carrying out 
such programs. 
College teachers in the various fields relevant to oceanography need 
to know more about oceanography so that they can broaden the out- 
look of their students. Summer institutes and conferences in oceanog- 
raphy, designed to meet the needs of these college teachers, could 
become an important phase of the effort to give oceanography a fuller 
degree of recognition, and college students a better idea of the rewards 
of careers in the field. We are presently attempting to stimulate 
interest in such activities in the field of oceanography and, here also, 
are prepared to provide necessary support. 
The last of the National Science Foundation science education 
activities I shall mention is our program of visiting scientists. This 
program makes it possible for outstanding scientists to visit college 
campuses—and, to a limited extent, high schools, also—throughout 
the country, where they present to the students some of the latest 
findings in the visiting scientists fields. Thus far the Foundation has 
supported programs in a number of fields, and experience has shown 
that this program is a powerful mechanism for stimulating under- 
craduate students to take an interest in graduate study and to think 
in terms of graduate study in the field of the visiting scientist. As a 
mechanism for bringing additional students into oceanography, 
