62 MARINE SCIENCES AND RESEARCH ACT 
therefore, this is a particularly useful possibility, and one of which we 
are encouraging oceanographers to make use. 
The programs I have been discussing are all classified under the 
“Education in the Sciences” heading. ‘The research-supporting oper- 
ations of the National Science Foundation are also of major importance 
in connection with this problem. National Science Foundation re- 
search grants provide funds to enable individuals already trained in 
oceanography to carry out research in this field and in related areas 
of science. Grants made in support of oceanography (as in other 
fields) typically provide funds for the support of research assistants 
as do awards from other agencies supporting oceanographic research. 
The term “research assistants’? is used to mean graduate students. 
who are supported as a part of a research grant, either for a specific 
project or for a broad area of science. In many instances these 
students work on their dissertation problems in connection with a 
research grant which has been supported through the National Science 
Foundation’s basic research program. With the additional funds 
being made available to the Foundation for the support of basic 
research in this area more support will go into projects related to 
oceanography and, therefore, additional support will be provided for 
the training of graduate students in oceanography. 
Another mechanism to which I referred briefly earlier in this letter 
is that of broad research grants in the area of oceanography to insti- 
tutions having highly competent staffs and programs in the field of 
oceanography. Funds thus provided can be used for young scientists 
who, entering as graduate students in oceanography, participate in 
the research of these groups. The caliber of the men carrying on the 
research would be a substantial factor in helping to secure the interest 
of first-rate students in careers in oceanography. As a further com- 
ment with respect to the role that research grants can play in attract- 
ing more able young scientists into careers in oceanography, I would 
also place high on the list the provision of adequate facilities. This 
includes, of course, suitable vessels for carrying on oceanographic 
research. Various Government agencies, including the National Sci- 
ence Foundation, have programs to assure the provision of more 
facilities of this nature. 
The Foundation stands ready to assist in all of these ways discussed 
above, and I believe that an attack on the problem with the many 
devices at the command of the Government and universities should 
result in an important strengthening of work in this field. 
In summary, the primary problems in the area of oceanographic 
research and training appear to be the following: 
(1) Motivation of more young persons to undertake careers in 
science and, at a later stage, to become interested in the field of 
oceanography. While financial assistance for highly capable per- 
sons interested in oceanography is, and should be, available, the 
problem is not primarily one of financial support, we believe, but 
more of encouraging oceanography as a career. As noted above, 
the National Science Foundation is undertaking efforts to achieve 
this objective. 
(2) Coordination of Federal and private activities with respect 
to stimulating research and training activities in oceanography. 
Federal agencies concerned with matters of oceanographic re- 
search and with the marine sciences are working closely with one 
