MARINE SCIENCE 17 



friendly leadership in international oceanography. We must promote 

 our understanding of the oceans so we can intelligently take part in 

 the treatymaking as to the law and ownership of the seas, so that 

 w^e will promote, through this treatymaking, international good will. 



The seas have, throughout histoiy and prehistory, provided the 

 material which excited not only explorers, adventurers and discoverers 

 and scientists, but also the artists and writers who have produced 

 epics of the seas. And these, like all other good creative work, sub- 

 merge difi'erences between the people. 



Like atoms for peace, we can use the oceans for peace. We must 

 have leadership on the oceans in the face of the threat of war and 

 equally we must have leadership on the oceans in our hopes and our 

 work toward peace. 



The Chairman. Dr. Spilhaus, in your very excellent book, the 

 summarization, "Turn to the Sea," in your conclusions you make 

 this statement: 



If we are unfortunate enough to have to wage war in the next few years, the 

 inner space of the ocean will be without question a more important battlefield 

 than outer space. 



That would be a general conclusion. 



The chairman of this committee happens to be on the Space Com- 

 mittee too, of the Senate, and I happen to be chairman of a subcom- 

 mittee that handles their appropriations, so I wear a couple of hats 

 here ; three of them as a matter of fact. 



But I said some weeks ago that a constructive long-range oceano- 

 graphic program would cost us about $60 million annually for the next 

 10 years, or approximately 6 percent of what we are spending for space 

 research, exclusive of military applications. 



Now, in view of what you have discussed and the conclusions of the 

 committee, would you think as a taxpayer, with knowledge of the 

 expenditure in these two fields, that 6 percent of what we spend for 

 space would be too much for marine research and surveys, particu- 

 larly in view of your statement here ? 



Mr, Spilhaus. Well, Mr. Chairman, I am in somewhat the same 

 position as you. I liave been very much interested in the space pro- 

 gram from its early beginnings. 



As I said in my prepared statement, every bit of science, whether 

 it be of space or of the oceans, contributes mutually to the advance- 

 ment of all science — I would say, in direct answer to your question, 

 that 6 percent of the present space program might hardly be noticed 

 in that program and would give us an oceanographic program of real 

 significance. 



The Chairman. And in which a great deal of what we would find 

 out in the oceanography program would go toward the benefit of the 

 whole space and depth program, whatever we may have. 



Mr. Spilhaus. Yes, sir. 



The Chairman. Some of it overlaps, I suspect. Weather and things 

 of that sort. 



Mr. Spilhaus. The basic scientific discoveries always overlap. 



The Chairman. Are there any questions. Senator Thurmond ? 



Senator Thuiumond. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. 



Is there any question in your mind that the research in oceanography 

 would benefit the national defense ? 



