MARINE SCIENCE 47 



Mr. WoRZEL, Oh, yes, we have, sir. About 5 years ago we plotted 

 nearly all the sea mounts and most of the shorelines of the Atlantic 

 Ocean from Bermuda by the sounds reflected by the depth charges we 

 were using in another experiment. 



Senator Engle. That is very interesting. 



Tliank you, Mr. Chairman. 



The Chairman. The importance of that is, of course, as submarines 

 are able to go deeper and deeper, they have to have a roadmap just 

 like a person driving a car, and we are finding sea mounts all over 

 the ocean we never knew existed. 



Dr. H. B. Stewart, of the Coast and Geodetic Survey, who returned 

 on the Explorer yesterday, said they found a new submerged reef off 

 Cuba. 



I think Dr. Worzel will point out in his statement the real problem 

 is when research vessels go out they can't concentrate particularly on 

 some exciting thing like this ; they have to be doing a hundred and one 

 things because of bad equipment and the fact the vessels are not 

 adequate. 



How old is the Explorer; 20 years old, isn't it ? I think they told 

 me yesterday it is 20 years old. 



Go ahead. 



Mr. Worzel. I am substituting actually for Prof. Morris Ewing, 

 the director of our laboratory. 



Senator Engle. Mr. Chairman, I have to leave to go to the floor 

 and I am intensely interested in what is in your statement with regard 

 to oceanographic laboratories. 



I was out on a ship equipped for oceanographic studies off the 

 Pacific coast. It is operated by the University of Southern California, 

 by Captain Hancock out there. They showed me some devices they 

 had for collecting information under the water. I would like to ask 

 this question : Do you have something specific to suggest as to how we 

 can improve the equipment we have ? 



Mr. Worzel. We are attempting to improve our equipment our- 

 selves right along, as are all the other major oceanographic labora- 

 tories within the limitations of our funds and personnel. To try to 

 be specific on any one item I could take the rest of the day very 

 readily. 



Senator Engle. They let down a grappling hook, I notice. 



The Chairman. We will put your statement in the record in 

 full. It is just a short one here. 



The doctor says there is a great need for more modem and able 

 ships and the ships must be available on a long-term basis to the 

 laboratories to which they are assigned and not be subject to being 

 withdrawn on short notice for more urgent programs, which is 

 another name for applied research. 



Then this could be accomplished by transferring ships to nonprofit 

 laboratories which the bill envisions. They could be exchanged. 



I would think that all the testimony, even from the Government 

 agencies, would be unanimously of the opinion that all our ships 

 are obsolete and inadequate. There is no question about the need 

 for new ships in this whole field and the assig-nment of these ships 

 to a job that the scientists think they can do and pursue. 



