MARINE SCIENCE 55 



physical signadires will peiinit these procedures only if those features are well 

 located in advance. It is vital to provide the best navigational devices to the 

 pioneers in these geophysical methods at the earliest possible moment. 



It is possible that artificial satellites may provide a suitable navigation sys- 

 tem. It is yet too early to evaluate the accuracy and reliability potentially 

 available. 



(A biographical sketch and statement submitted for Dr. Maurice 

 E wing follow:) 



Maurice Ewing 



Address: Lamont Geological Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, 



N.Y. 



Major field of Interest : Geophysics, particularly seismology and oceanography. 



Born : Lockney, Tex., May 12, 1906. 



Degrees : Rice Institute, B.A., 1926 ; MA., 1927 ; Ph.D. 1931. 



Honorary degrees : Washington and Lee, 1949 ; University of Denver, 1953 ; 

 Lehigh University, 1957 ; Utrecht University, Netherlands, 1957. 



Professional career: Instructor, physics, Pittsburgh, 1929-30; Lehigh, 

 1930-36; assistant professor, Lehigh, 1936-40; associate professor, Lehigh, 

 1940-43 ; on leave for work at AVoods Hole Oceanographic Institution during the 

 war, 1940-45 ; associate professor, Columbia University, 1944-47 ; professor 

 (geology), Columbia University, 1947- ; presently Higgins professor of geology 

 and director of Lamont Geological Observatory, Columbia University. 



Awards: Hohenthal scholar, 1923-26; Guggenheim fellow, 1938-40; Joseph 

 Henry lecturer, 1949; distinguished lecturer, American Association of Petro- 

 leum Geologists 1947 and 1953 ; Westbrook lecturer, 1951 ; U. S. Navy Distinguish- 

 ed Service Aw^ard, 1955 ; Order of Naval Merit, Argentine Republic, 1957 ; Agassiz 

 Medal, 1955 ; Day Medal, 1949 ; William Bowie Medal, 1957 ; National Academy 

 of Sciences ; American Academy or Arts and Sciences ; Royal Netherlands Acad- 

 emy of Sciences and Letters ; honorable member, Society of Exploration Geo- 

 physicists ; American Philosophical Society ; Vetlesen Prize, 1960. 



Member : Geological Society of America, fellow ; American Geophysical Union, 

 vice president, 1953-56, president, 1956-59 ; Physical Society ; American Asso- 

 ciation of Petroleum Geologists ; Society of Exploration Geophysicists ; Seis- 

 mological Society of America, president, 1955-57 ; Panel on Seismology and 

 Gravity and Panel on Oceanography, IGY; ex oflScio member, U.S. National 

 Committee for the IGY ; National Academy of Sciences, Committee on Oceanog- 

 raphy, University Committee on Polar Research and Mohole Committee ; U.S. 

 Panel on Seismic Improvement ; NASA Space Sciences Working Group on Lunar 

 Explorations. 



Leader : Oceanographic and marine geophysical expeditions, 1936 to the 

 present. 



Scientific contributions in earthquake seismology ; submarine geology ; gravity ; 

 ocean-bottom photography ; submarine acoustics ; seismic refraction and reflec- 

 tion surveys ; magnetic surveys ; oceanography ; climatologj^ ; structure of the 

 earth's crust and mantle. 



Statement op Db. Maurice Ewing, Professor of Geology and Director of 

 Lamont Geological Observatory, Columbia University, on the Magnuson 

 Marine Sciences Bill 



Senator Magnuson and members of the committee, I regret that I cannot be 

 present at these important hearings. I must leave for Argentina to join our 

 research vessel Vema at sea near Cape Horn. This is Vema's fourth expedi- 

 tion into high southern latitudes, and I value so highly the splendid cooperation 

 of our Argentine colleagues that I wish to be aboard the ship for the duration 

 of our work with their vessel Capitan Canepa. 



The National Academy of Sciences' Committee on Oceanography has. in its 

 report, attempted to analyze both the status of our knowledge of the oceans, 

 and the need for increasing this knowledge. It is clear that the oceanographic 

 research of our country must be greatly expanded if we are to maintain our 

 position as a Nation whose power and scholarship are second to none. 



My own work has been devoted to the applications of the disciplines of mathe- 

 matics and physics to the study of the earth. Through the years as my work 

 developed, the most significant and interesting problems about the earth as a 

 planet appeared to be solvable oaly by a closer study of the oceans and the 



