56 MARINE SCIENCE 



crust and mantle beneath them. This study is my life's work. Thus, it is evi- 

 dent that my point of view might be characterized as that of the so-called "pure 

 scientist" who is not primarily concerned with the application of his studies. 

 Yet I can truthfully say that the instruments developed by me and others at 

 Lamont Observatory, and the papers published by us in reporting on our work 

 have made as important contributions to the science of antisubmarine warfare 

 as has the work of any other group. This is an example only. We have also 

 played an important part in several other Defense Department programs. I say 

 this not to boast, but to point out that basic research and applied research overlap 

 and also stimulate each other. That is the reason why we have never found 

 it irksome to have our financial support come not only from the National Science 

 Foundation, but also from the OflSce of Naval Research, the Bureau of Ships, 

 and the Atomic Energy Commission. The problems which are important to them 

 are important to us too — although sometimes for different reasons. In general, 

 these agencies realize that as well as we, and have given us commendable freedom 

 to plan our own research program. 



Our oceanographic research program aboard Vema has also afforded us won- 

 derful opportunities to work with the scientists of other countries. To make 

 the seismic refraction measurements which are a major part of our program 

 at sea, we need at least two ships — one to set off the sound source, and one 

 (preferably more) to record the arrivals of the sound waves. We have not been 

 able to send out two ships on our long expeditions, and have sought the coopera- 

 tion of other navies and scientific institutions. In the last 3 years we have 

 worked with ships and men of Italy, Greece, Turkey, Spain, Union of South 

 Africa, Australia, New Zealand, Brazil, Chile, and Argentina. Now I am speak- 

 ing only of those who provided ships. We have had joint programs with indi- 

 viduals in many additional countries. 



Working together creates new friendships, not only for us at Lamont, but for 

 the United States and its scientific establishments. A good example of this may 

 be seen in the relationship between the Argentine Government and our laboratory. 

 It began in 1957 as a cooperative program with our ship Vema and the Argentina 

 Hydrographic Office ship Baliia Blanca. From that it has grown to a program 

 which now includes four successive oceanographic expeditions, one IGY seis- 

 mological station near Buenos Aires, a young Argentine seismologist studying at 

 Lamont for a year, a very gifted man from the Argentine Oil Co. ( YPF) working 

 here on a Guggenheim fellowship have helped them to build more instruments. 

 We share data obtained jointly and also independently in the areas where we 

 both work. Our contacts with Argentine scientists have led to their friendship 

 with Americans at other institutions and to still more joint programs among these 

 groups. Most valuable to me, our efforts to find a vessel to work with Vema have 

 led to warm and indestructible friendships with Comdr. Luis Capurro, Capt. Jorge 

 Palma (in Washington), Admiral Grunwaldt (in Buenos Aires) and numerous 

 others. We set out to accomplish a program of work, but we have been rewarded 

 with far more than scientific results. 



Similar cases could be cited regarding other nations with which we have 

 worked, but I am sure that I have made it clear that the oceanographic research 

 programs of the U.S. institutions give unequaled opportunities to establish good 

 relations with other countries. 



I repeat that I am sorry not to be with you today, and assure the committee 

 that I stand ready to help in any way possible. Mail sent to me at my office 

 will be forwarded to the ship, and I will be pleased to try to answer any ques- 

 tions. Dr. J. Lamar Worzel and I have been friends and colleagues for nearly 

 30 years, and the testimony he gives represents my own views very closely. 

 Very sincerely yours, 



Maurice Swing. 



The Chairman. We will recess until 9:30 tomorrow morning. 

 (Whereupon, at 12:15 p.m., the committee was recessed, to recon- 

 vene at 9 :30 a.m., Friday, April 22, 1960.) 



