68 MARINE SCIENCE 



Senator Lausche. With the maneuverable arm ? 



Mr. Vine. With the maneuverable craft and with the maneuverable 

 arm. 



In other words, with modern technology we can do much more pur- 

 poseful experiments than we could on the end of a wire 3 miles long. 



In addition, other new devices will extend his senses in speed and 

 ability. For example, drifting and anchored buoys can extend 

 simultaneous geographic coverage greatly, and make possible long- 

 time series of continuous data. 



At the present time we don't have any longtime series measure- 

 ments in the open ocean. Better winches and electric cable techniques, 

 as well as cableless telemetering devices will enable the oceanographer 

 to make more sophisticated chemical and physical measurements in 

 situ. Data recording, analyzing, and storage devices will reduce much 

 of the tedious portion of measuring programs. 



MANNED SUBMERSIBLES 



One of the most important and exciting of the new techniques is the 

 manned deep submersible. 



The work by the Swiss, French, and the recent record dive of the 

 Trieste have laid the groundwork for serious scientific studies and the 

 design of deep submersibles that can carry a bigger scientific payload 

 and have much more mobility. The concept of having a mobile un- 

 derwater laboratory in Avhich one can conduct purposeful experiments 

 is of tremendous potential. With remote handling arms the geologist 

 can select the rock he wants, scoop up the sediments of interest, photo- 

 graph the unusual, and follow and map the geological outcrops. The 

 biologist can observe deep sea life as it exists, and observe the bottom 

 conditions that foster marine life. He can move up and down with 

 the scattering layer and observe with his eyes as well as his instru- 

 ments how complex life is in the oceans' principal pasture. 



The engineer can observe how deep sea instruments work, he can 

 drive surveyors' stakes and sight along them, he can maneuver huge 

 grab buckets from surface ships to pick up rocks or equipment from 

 the bottom of the ocean. In only a few years we may develop the 

 capability to find, inspect, and retrieve aircraft that have been lost 

 at sea. 



The geophysicist and acoustician can place and adjust complicated 

 seismographs, tidemeters, and current meter-s on the bottom of the 

 ocean. 



Naval scientists can become experienced with the advantages of 

 being "down under" with the reverberation behind them just like 

 World War I aviators liked to be "on top" with the sun behind them. 

 The whole technology of building for high pressures will be given 

 impetus. Manned submersible programs need emphasis and con- 

 tinuity. 



OCEAN RESEARCH STATION 



In the past our ships have been built to go from one shallow 

 harbor to another shallow harbor and the handling equipment was 

 designed for use at a dock. A midocean laboratory and observatory 

 where observations can be made for long periods of time or where 



