78 MARINE SCIENCE 



was concluded that we can now start w^itli about 4 vessels involved 

 in this paramount survey work in the ocean. In the near future a 

 wide grid of about 1° spacing could be laid over the ocean. Later, 

 when sufficient ship time is available, this grid can be refined to a 

 spacing of about 10 miles. 



Senator Lausche. The Senator from California ? 



Senator Engle. No questions. 



Senator Lausche. The Senator from Texas ? 



Senator Yarborough. I have no questions. I would like to com- 

 pliment you on this fine statement. 



Senator Lausche. The Senator from Washington ? 



The Chairman. I have no questions except this: What do you 

 mean by a ship-year? Is that an operation 365 days, 24 hours a 

 day? 



Mr. KoczY. It would be about 250 days. There are times when the 

 ships must be in the yard. 



The Chairman. When you speak of a hundred ship-years, you 

 say that is spaced over a 10-year period. That would be 10 ships. 



Mr. KoczY. Yes, we estimate that the L^.S. sliaire would be about 

 10 ship-operation years. The total job, counting contributions by 

 other countries, will involve about 34 ships for 10 years. 



The Chairman. Operating ? 



Mr. KoczY. Operating. 



The Chairman. An overall total of 34 ships but 10 w'ould be our 

 contribution. 



Mr. KoczY. Yes, sir. 



The Chairman. Thank you. 



Senator Lausche. I dont' think I have any questions. 



Thank you very much for a very informative paper. 



Senator Yarborough. You speak of this ship-year and the num- 

 ber required to carry out the survey. That survey would require 

 getting a quantity of information on all of the subjects mentioned 

 on page 3 of your report ; is that right ( 



Mr. KoczY. Yes. 



Senator Yarborough. It wouldn't take anj^thing like that to meas- 

 ure the depths of the ocean, where the ranges are. 



Mr. KoczY. That is right. 



Senator Yarborough. Not scientific uses but certain defense uses. 



We would use electronic equipment for depth determination. 



Mr. KoczY. Yes. 



Senator Yarborough. You are speaking of a comprehensive scien- 

 tific survey of the ocean floor, and determining what is in the five layers 

 of water in between the surface and the bottom. 



Mr. KoczY. Yes, we would measure the properties of the ocean 

 water masses, the bottom and other features. 



Senator Yarborough. And there w^ould be surveys of these ques- 

 tions raised in Dr. Ray's statement this morning, about the movements 

 of these masses in water and the different types of organisms. 



Mr. KoczY. Yes. 



Senator Yarborough. I have no further questions. 



Senator Lausche. You are connected with the marine laboratory 

 of tlie University of Miami: is that correct? 



