82 MARINE SCIENCE 



No\A', the bill makes certain recommendations which are fine but we 

 beUeve that the bill should be broadened. For example, you advocate 

 the establishment of graduate fellowships and scholarships but there 

 are other kinds of fellowships that are extremely useful in bringing 

 competent men into this field. 



I might cite here the postdoctoral fellowship where you will take 

 a man who lias just received a Ph.D. in chemistry, biology or in physics 

 and then you give him a postdoctoral fellowship in oceanography and 

 enable him to apply his own field of specialization to the oceanographic 

 area. We find this very useful in geochemistry, for example. 



Now, in terms of the doubling of 



The CiiAiKMAN'. We have had this problem with regard to encour- 

 aging, supporting and financing "science'" for quite a while and we 

 have approached it by several different methods. I suppose it started 

 with the lack of scientists. It has been with the chairman ever since 

 1945 when I authored the first National Science Foundation bill. Van- 

 nevar Bush used to sit around and tell me that we had a 7-year drought 

 of scientists because of the war situation and we had to do something 

 to go forward. 



No. 1, Ave have added research in all phases of Government activity 

 all the Avay from the National Institutes of Health to the Bureau of 

 Standards, and to the Navy hydrographic people. We have given 

 them more money for research. But when we came to manpower about 

 the best we have been able to do has been to suggest more fellowships 

 under the Science Foundation authority ; with the thought that when 

 we make a grant to a university of some kind, it would encourage an 

 interest in that particular fiekl. Then, of course, we have the basic 

 act we call the Defense Act, which provides for further scholarships. 



In this particular case, I just don't know what other approaches 

 we can make to the basic problem of getting more people interested. I 

 don't think Government should go too far on graduate fellowships 

 where people are already interested. They get in on the projects or 

 they get in on the research. But how do we arrive at a broad base? 



As it Avas testified yesterday, the Russians are not so sophisticated 

 but certainly they have a broader base in this particular field. How 

 can Ave do it without sticking our noses into education. There is 

 some trouble up here occasionally about that. 



Mr. Broavn. In your bill Avhat you have recommended is fine and 

 it Avill be veiy useful. I believe that Avere you to broaden it to in- 

 clude postdoctoral felloAvships that it Avould be more useful. 



The Chairman. That is the kind of suggestion that I am thinking 



Mr. Broavn. Let us suppose that Scripps, or Woods Hole Avere to 

 have a series of post-doctoral felloAvships, let's say sponsored by the 

 National Science Foundation or some suitable agency, in oceanog- 

 raphy, particularly designed so that a man Avho gets a Ph. D., let 

 us say at Johns Hopkins, or at the University of California in 

 chemistry, in physics, in biology or geology, is then given the op- 

 portunity right after he gets his Ph. D., to apply his knoAvledge to the 

 marine environment. This Avould be a Avay of luring him into this 

 field, so to speak. A felloAvship of that sort might run somewhere be- 

 tAveen $6,000 and $8,000 a year, for a man's salary plus the amount of 

 money that would be requirecl to permit him to undertake the re- 

 search activity. 



