MARINE SCIENCE 



99 



(10) Efforts should be made to secure the active participation of private in- 

 dustry in the development and manufacture of new devices and instruments 

 for oceanographic research and surveying. 



(11) The unpredictable a.si>ects of new devices makes difficult the formula- 

 tion of an exact budget over a 10-year time scale. The committee recommends 

 that $48 million be allocated during the next 5 years. It further recommends 

 that a minimum of $10.5 million be allocated each year thereafter. The cost 

 of this program should be divided between the Bureaus of the Navy and the 

 National Science Foundation. 



Budget breakdowns are given in tables 10 and 11. 



Table 10. — Estimated annual 'budget for engineering needs for ocean exploration 



[Millions of 1958 dollars] 



Table 11. — Estimated annual 'budgets for engineering needs for ocean exploration 



by agency 



[Millions of 1958 dollars] 



F. RADIOACTIVITY IN THE OCEANS 



The widespread use of nuclear energy for peaceful or military purposes neces- 

 sitates studies to determine the effects of radioactive contamination uiwn the 

 oceans and the life therein. The Committee on Effects of Atomic Radiation on 

 Oceanography and Fisheries in its report to the National Academy of Sciences 

 made certain general recommendations concerning national policy in this area. 

 Both the Committee on Oceanography and the Committee on Effects of Atomic 

 Radiation on Oceanography and Fisheries believe that more specific and detailed 

 recommendations can now be made. 



(1) A single agency should be given the overall responsibility and authority 

 for regulating the introduction of radioactive materials in the oceans. Monitor- 

 ing of disposal sites should be done by some agency other than the regulating 

 agency. It is recommended that either the Coast and Geodetic Survey or the 

 Public Health Service be made responsible for engineering studies in and near 

 disposal areas, for routine monitoring of disposal areas and their surroundings, 

 and for a continuing assessment of the effects on the environments of added 

 radioactive materials. 



(2) Vigorous programs should be started for the purpose of determining the 

 circulation and mixing processes which control the dispersion of introduced con- 

 taminants in coastal and estuarine environments and in the open ocean. These 

 studies represent the major part of the proposed budget in this area. 



