MARINE SCIENCE 107 



g-ress lias done a pretty good job in tlie past 8 or 9 years of being alert 

 to this whole scientific problem. I think much more than they ever 

 were before, and we have gone along in other fields to an extent 

 greater than I ever thought we Avould 10 years ago. 



I hope in this field we will feel the same way about it, so that we 

 can get going, as it were. 



I want to thank all of you people for coming here. You have given 

 your own valuable time and I know this is of deep interest to you, 

 as it is to us. I again apologize for the seeming moving in and out, 

 but this is a busy season around here. All the Senators were not 

 here at different times. - They were here sometimes. That doesn't 

 mean they won't read this whole thing. They have a real interest in it. 



I think our real problem now is the justification and the cost. Surely 

 the witnesses here up to date have, I think, put in the record and have 

 given to us testimony as much as they can on why they think this cost 

 would be justified over this so-called 10-year period. 



Mr. Brown. Before I leave, may I introduce for the record a very 

 brief statement by Professor Revelle on the international relations 

 aspect. 



(The document referred to follows :) 



Statement by Roger R. Revelle 



The oceans belong to no man and no nation, yet they are of vital importance 

 to all men and all nations, not only because of their human and scientific interest, 

 but because of their effect on weather and climate and the resources for human 

 welfare they contain. The seas are vast, yet their waters are all interrelated ; 

 what happens at any one place on the oceans affects the waters everywhere. 



No one nation can find out unaided all that it needs to know then about the 

 oceans. International cooperation in the study of the seas is essential, just as 

 it has proven essential in studying the atmosphere and the stars. The United 

 States has an unparalleled opportunity to exert world scientific leadership in 

 developing this cooperation. Both before and during the International Geo- 

 physical Year, American oceanographers played an important role as scientists 

 in planning and carrying out the initial steps in international cooperative oceanog- 

 raphy. They were backed with funds appropriated for the IGY by Congress. 

 New opportunities are now arising and these will also require funding. To 

 prepare for these opportunities, action by Government agencies is now needed. 



An intergovernmental conference has been called by UNESCO for next July 

 in Copenhagen. At this conference it is hoped that interested governments 

 will be able to work out ways in which they can cooperate effectively in charting 

 the floor of the sea, measuring its properties, and the movements of its waters, 

 and in surveying the seas' living resources. I recently attended the preparatory 

 meeting for this conference in Paris as one of four U.S. delegates. Representa- 

 tives of 25 nations were present, including a 4-man Russian delegation. It was 

 evident that the U.S.S.R. is determined to push very hard on their share of any 

 international program that may be decided upon at Copenhagen. But it also 

 appeared that they would be willing to exchange a great deal of the data to be 

 obtained and to work cooperatively in planning surveys and intercalibrating 

 instruments. 



One very important ocean where our knowledge is almost negligibly small 

 and our ultimate U.S. interests are large is the Indian Ocean. There under 

 the leadership of the Special Committee on Oceanic Research of the Interna- 

 tional Council of Scientific Unions, a real possibility exists of obtaining a 

 rich store of knowledge by pooling the activities of many different countries 

 in a multiship, 3-year long. International Indian Ocean Expedition. We expect 

 that Australia, Japan, Pakistan, India, South Africa, the United Kingdom, 

 France, and the U.S.S.R. will all play an active part in this program. U.S. 

 oceanographers believe that they could send at least four ships into the In- 

 dian Ocean as part of this program provided support becomes available. For 

 this "little IGY" a special appropriation of perhaps $4 million may be necessary. 



Many countries are turning to the sea as they look to the future, and well 

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