112 MARINE SCIENCE 



Slide No. 19. Storm damage : A large number of buildings on Peru's 

 west coast are destroyed and many lives are lost in the sudden deluge 

 of tropical rains. This is a classic example of the results of a minor 

 shift in the equilibrium of the ocean circulation. 



The effect of the oceans on mankind are by no means confined to the 

 temperature and climate. 



Slide No. 20. Trade routes: We all know that for centuries the 

 oceans have provided the high roads of commerce and colonization— 

 they are largely responsible for the political complexion of our planet. 

 With the advent of the true submarine, a third and virtually unlimited 

 dimension of sea travel under the ocean was opened — and we entered 

 a new era. 



Slide No. 21. Ocean bottom : Within the depths of oceans lie many 

 of the answers to our future welfare. This is an actual photograph 

 of the deep sea floor. Let us now look at the implications of this 

 element from a scientific, economic, and military point of view. 



Slide No. 22. Scientific knowledge : First, from the scientific view- 

 point — we find that the ocean is a storehouse of scientific knowledge. 

 A storehouse whose contents are only partially known to man. 



Slide No. 23. Oceanographer : The scientist of the seas, the oceanog- 

 rapher, is the modern scientific explorer of the last frontier on this 

 planet. Results of his explorations may prove to be vital to the con- 

 tinued existence of man. 



Slide No. 24. YO percent water : The realm of the oceanographer is 

 the vast hidden world beneath the surface of the seas. It has a volume 

 14 times greater than the volume of all land above sea level. To 

 date only a small portion of this area beneath the sea is known to 

 man. 



The U.S. Navy, long a pioneer in the study of oceanography, is sup- 

 porting, in whole or in part, some of the more advanced programs of 

 today's scientific efforts. 



Slide No. 25. Ocean tower: Off San Diego, Calif., the Navy Elec- 

 tronics Laboratory has constructed this ocean tower to study the 

 marine life and the dynamics and physical properties of the water in 

 our Continental Shelf area. While the results are of primary inter- 

 est to the Navy from a military standpoint, these results — as in all 

 basic scientific research — are useful to scientists in all fields. 



Slide No. 26. SCUBA : With the use of SCUBA, a self-contained 

 underwater breathing apparatus, U.S. Navy scientists and divers 

 have gone to depths of 300 feet. It has permitted firsthand examina- 

 tions of areas previously made only by instruments. 



Slide No. 27. Two-man sub : New vehicles for underwater explora- 

 tion are being developed. This two-man submarine is used by the 

 Navy Electronics Laboratory to explore costal waters. It is able 

 to penetrate deeper and cover a larger area than SCUBA equipped 

 divers. 



Slide No. 28. Underwater TV: The self-propelled, wire-guided 

 underwater television camera is coming into use for both scientific 

 and military application. It will be used to explore the floor of the 

 Continental Shelf areas and to detect the presence of mines, sub- 

 marines, and other objects beneath the surface. This vehicle will 

 be equipped to obtain bottom samples and recover submerged objects — 

 such as missile nose cones, torpedoes, etc. 



