40 
going ever since, considering the strength of the U.N. I have had the 
privilege of talking to you about it many times. 
RESOLUTION AS THE BASIS OF A TREATY 
Mr. Chairman, I would like to say that I believe Senate Resolution 
186 is historic. Senator Pell has produced the paper. I imagine that 
whether it takes five years or 10 years to produce an acceptable treaty, 
this treaty will be the model. He has included the central principles 
and outlined the essential machinery for a rational order of the sea. 
Many variations will be suggested but the basic outline of the treaty 
will remain. 
And so I say that the resolution which he has introduced is one of 
the most historic steps taken in our time. I think so for several reasons. 
In the first place, because of its timeliness. I must say, Senator, that 
Tam impatient with those who say : 
Now we don’t know enough, we must wait a while—we must wait until 
marine science is further developed, and the wishes and the seif-interests of vari- 
ous nations are better known. 
When that time comes it will be too late to establish a rational order 
of the sea. We know enough about the basic problems, they have been 
sufficiently e xposed, to say that there are certain essential principles 
that must underlie a rational order for the sea 
The Senator has said there must be established a law of the sea as 
there was established a world law of outer space. Seven-tenths of 
the earth’s surface has not been claimed by sovereign powers. Seven- 
tenths of the earth’s surface is virtually up for grabs. Because modern 
technological development overnight makes it possible to explore 
great areas of the seabed, the nations might be on the verge of a new 
power or colonial strug ole. 
The President of the United States, who has been quoted this morn- 
ing, warned against a colonial struggle for the sea. Senator Pell spoke 
of the danger ‘this morning. I heard one of the delegates, in the debate 
going on in the General Assembly, point out that the world today is 
engaged in the decolonization process, the painful task of freeing the 
colonial world, with all of its dislocation. Now he said we are in 
danger of a colonial race for seven-tenths of the earth’s surface. 
Tt can only lead to conflict, to agony, and will not give security to the 
industrialists and entrepreneurs of any nation. 
Now, fortunately, the Senator’s resolution presents a treaty. I would 
remind those who are afraid of what other countries might do, that 
a treaty must be subscribed to by the major powers in the world, and 
many of the smaller powers before it eoes into effect. Senator Pell’s 
treaty should become known to the United Nations as quickly as 
possible. 
I want to say a word, if it’s not out of place, of appreciation to 
those who spoke this morning who are cooperating with the Cabinet 
Council on Science and Technology, of which the Vice President is 
Chairman, and the Presidential commission which are working with 
ereat urgency to develop an oceanographic program for the President. 
T should like to express appreciation for the determination of Ambassa- 
dor Goldberg of the U.S. delegation to secure, over the disagreement 
of some of the maritime powers, a committee on the sea as was 
