41 
established for the Committee of Outer Space. Ambassador Goldberg 
wishes a comprehensive committee that will serve to coordinate all the 
many activities on oceanography in the U.N. and the U.N. agencies, 
THREE PRINCIPLES IN PELL RESOLUTIONS 
But I will say with equal frankness that sometimes principles must 
come along with specific plans. The President of the United States in 
1961, immediately after the death of Dag Hammerskjold, asked the 
U.N. members to turn their eyes to the heavens and agree for the 
extension of world law to outer space, and to agree that the celestial 
bodies and outer space were not subject to appropriation by any state. 
This declaration of principles was followed by a treaty. 
I wish, I hope it isn’t too late, that our Government in the negotia- 
tions now going on in the U.N. for the drafting of a resolution, would 
insist on three principles which are incorporated in Senator Pell’s 
resolution. They are absolutely essential to a rational order of the sea 
and the extension of world law to the sea: 
One is that the bed of the sea beyond certain limits be not subject 
to appropriation by any state. We have not yet made it clear that it 
is our intention, beyond quoting the statement of the President. 
Second, that the resources of the sea shall be so administered that 
not only will all nations have equal opportunity, but there will be 
special consideration for the underdeveloped states. 
I have heard many speeches of the underdeveloped states. That is 
their greater concern, that the maritime powers are going to proceed 
to annex a great part of the seabed, and they will forever be excluded. 
And then in the third place, the seabed is to be used for peaceful 
purposes only. 
Now, one of the advantages of Senator Pell’s resolution and the 
treaty to follow is that it is very comprehensive. For illustration, it 
includes both the resources of the seabed and the subsoil and the living 
resources of the waters of the sea. So far much of the present emphasis 
in the U.N. debate has been concerned exclusively with the seabed. 
The one criticism of Ambassador Pardo’s resolution was that it did 
not recognize the connection between the living resources and the 
mineral resources. 
ADMINISTRATION OF THE SEABED 
The first report of the President to the Congress on marine resources 
and engineering development points out that because of the increasing 
number of fishermen, it may be necessary in the future to initiate new 
forms of international cooperation and management for the high seas 
fisheries. 
The licensing feature is very important. Various plans will be for- 
warded for national exploitation of the seabed. There will be those 
who will wish to exploit the seabed and expect the flag to follow to 
protect them. However a U.N. authority to license the resources of 
the sea is the only practical suggestion that has been made, and 1 
believe the only practical suggestion that will be made. 
