14 
Guard, whose long and successful operation would be an inspiring 
example to guide the new sea police. 
INTERNATIONAL TREATY FOR OCEAN SPACE 
After hearing testimony by the experts on my Senate Resolutions 
172 and 186, and on Senator Cotton’s resolution, I intend to propose 
with some temerity a suggested text of an actual treaty for ocean 
space. The treaty would take cognizance of the oceanologic and gen- 
eral maritime preponderance of both the United States and the Soviet 
Union, and also recognize the third force position of France as well 
as the historic importance of Great Britain and other nations by 
designating all the permanent members of the Security Council of 
the United Nations as the depository governments. 
These then are the primary elements which I hope will soon be 
incorporated into an international agreement for the peaceful, fruit- 
ful use of ocean space. I know that in various segments of the execu- 
tive branch of the U.S. Government, as well as in many corners of 
the United Nations Organization, wise and good men are discussing 
this subject. But I am afraid their talk is not moving us fast enough 
toward action, because the pace of technological growth is faster than 
the conversation. 
We must avoid the threat of anarchy in ocean space. The civilized 
nations would look foolish indeed if this last, vast physical frontier 
should become a sort of watery wild west where the exploiter with 
the biggest “sea shooter” could become “king of the seamount” at the 
expense of legitimate commercial or scientific activity by others. 
UNITED STATES SHOULD EXERT LEADERSHIP 
Our own oceanologists and businessmen are speedily moving to 
learn more about and invest more in ocean space. Other nations are 
doing the same. A free-for-all is bound to ensue in this realm which 
is still unprotected by law and law enforcement. 
To avoid trouble, the United States, with other oceanminded nations, 
should exert leadership now in setting up the proper legal regime. 
Most immediately, too, I wish our Ambassador to the United Nations 
all success in his efforts to set up a Committee on the Oceans in the cur- 
rent General Assembly. Such a committee is vitally needed te study 
and reach conclusions on some of the same matters that concern us at 
this hearing. But certain member nations seem to be dragging their 
feet on this simple, necessary, and important first step. I trust we will 
do all we can to help Ambassador Goldberg help the United Nations 
move ahead on this matter. 
Thank you, Mr. Chairman. 
Senator SparKMAN. Thank you, Senator Pell. 
Our first witness this morning is the Honorable Norris Cotton, the 
author of Senate Joint Resolution 111. 
Senator Cotton, we are glad to have you. We will be pleased to hear 
from you. 
